Kenya: Abigaragambya bazajya bahanishwa itegeko rihana undi wese wagaragayeho ibikorwa by’iterabwoba, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu no guhirika ubutegetsi

Mu minsi ishize, igihugu cya Kenya cyabaye isibaniro ry’imyigaragambyo ikomeye. Ibyari byatangiriye ku guhakana umushinga w’itegeko ry’imari, byaje kugera aho abaturage, by’umwihariko urubyiruko, binjira ku ngufu mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Kenya ku ya 25 Kamena 2024. Ibyo byakurikiwe n’ubwicanyi, gukomeretsa abaturage, gufungwa kw’abantu ibihumbi no gucika burundu kw’icyizere mu butegetsi bwari bwitezweho kuvugurura igihugu. Imyigaragambyo yakomereje no mu mwaka wa 2025 nyuma y’urupfu rwa Albert Ojwang, wapfiriye muri gereza, nyuma y’ukwezi yitabiriye imyigaragambyo. Guhangana hagati ya Leta n’abaturage byongeye gufata intera isumba izindi ubwo inzego z’umutekano zatangiraga gukoresha Itegeko ry’Iterabwoba ryo mu 2012 mu guhana abakekwaho uruhare mu myigaragambyo yose.

Kuva ubwo, ijambo “iterabwoba” ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu buryo buhagaze hejuru y’ubusobanuro bwaryo busanzwe. Leta ivuga ko yahanganye n’abantu bari bafite umugambi wo kubangamira umutekano w’igihugu, gusenya ibikorwa bya Leta no guteza akaduruvayo. Icyakora, ibisobanuro bitangwa n’inzego z’umutekano byatangiye kugibwaho impaka cyane cyane kubera imiterere y’abafashwe: abanyeshuri, abanyamakuru, abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu n’abaturage basanzwe. Nta gisasu, nta ntwaro, nta matsinda y’ubugizi bwa nabi babarizwamo, ahubwo kuko gusa bagaragaye mu bikorwa bifitanye isano n’imyigaragambyo no kuyitegura.

Itegeko ry’Iterabwoba, rizwi nka Prevention of Terrorism Act ryo mu 2012, ryashyizweho kugira ngo rirwanye ibikorwa by’iterabwoba byaba iby’imbere mu gihugu cyangwa ibyambukiranya imipaka. Ryemerera inzego z’umutekano gufata abantu, kubafunga by’agateganyo mu gihe kirekire, no kubakurikiranaho icyaha cy’iterabwoba igihe cyose hari impamvu yumvikana ko bagambiriye guhungabanya umutekano. Iri tegeko rivuga ko icyaha cy’iterabwoba ari igikorwa kigamije guteza ubwoba, kwangiza serivisi za Leta, guhindura ubutegetsi cyangwa guhungabanya umutekano w’abaturage ku bushake. Ariko ibyo byose byasubiwemo mu buryo burimo igitugu igihe Leta yatangiraga kubishyira ku bantu bagaragaje kutemera politiki y’imisoro mishya cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima busanzwe bituma bigaragambya.

Abantu barenga 1,500 barafashwe hagati ya Kamena na Nyakanga 2025. Muri bo, bamwe bashinjwa ko bari bafitanye isano n’ibikorwa by’iterabwoba. Ibyaha byatangajwe birimo gushishikariza abaturage kugoma, gutera ingabo za Leta, gupfobya ibigo bya Leta no gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo bigamije kwangiza umutekano. Harimo urubyiruko rwaranzwe no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga nka X (Twitter), TikTok na Instagram mu gukangurira bagenzi babo kujya mu mihanda. Boniface Mwangi, umwe mu bantu bazwi cyane mu ruhando rwa politiki na sosiyete sivile, yarezwe kuba yaratwitse ibisanduku bya polisi no gutunga ibikoresho bya gisirikari. Yashinjwe icyaha cy’iterabwoba, yambikwa amapingu imbere y’itangazamakuru, anashinjwa kuba ari umwe mu bateguye igikorwa cyo kwinjira mu Nteko. Uretse ibyo birego, ubushinjacyaha bwongeyeho n’icyaha cyo gutunga ibintu biturika (tear gas canisters) n’ibikoresho by’umwuka uryana.

Inzego z’ubutabera zimwe zatangiye kugaragaza impungenge. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga wacyuye igihe, Dave Maraga, yavuze ko guhuza imyigaragambyo y’amahoro n’ibikorwa by’iterabwoba ari ukubangamira ubwisanzure bw’abaturage. Yongeyeho ko ari ugukoresha itegeko mu buryo buhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu. Maraga yavuze ko iyo igihugu gitandukanyije ibitekerezo bya politiki n’iterabwoba, kiba kiri mu nzira iganisha ku bwoba, guceceka n’iterabwoba nyaryo rya Leta.

Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nka Amnesty International, Kenya Human Rights Commission na Police Reforms Working Group, yunze mu rye. Bavuze ko gukoresha iri tegeko ku baturage basanzwe bigaragambya mu mahoro ari igikorwa cyo guca intege ubwisanzure, kubuza abaturage kugira uruhare mu miyoborere no guhindura buri munyamuryango wa sosiyete sivile umunyabyaha. Nta rwego, nta ruvugiro, nta n’ubutabera.

Gukoresha iri tegeko kandi byatumye ibihugu by’amahanga bitangira gusaba Kenya kwitonda. Ubunyamabanga bwa Amerika bushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga bwasabye ko habaho ubushishozi mu mikoreshereze y’amategeko y’umutekano, kugira ngo bitazahinduka ibikoresho bya politiki. Abasesenguzi ba INGANZO HUB bavuga ko ibyo Leta ya Ruto iri gukora bisa neza n’imikorere ya Mzee Moi mu myaka ya za 1990, ubwo ibitekerezo byose bitavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi byahindurwaga ibyaha. Gushyira abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ku rutonde rw’abaterabwoba ni inzira isanzwe y’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu kugira ngo bucecekeshe abaturage.

Abantu benshi bemeza ko ikibazo kitari amategeko ahubwo ari uburyo akoreshwamo. Iyo iryo tegeko rikoreshejwe mu guhana abarimo gutegura ibikorwa byo guhungabanya umutekano, bifitiwe ibimenyetso bihagije, ntibyatuma riryozwa amakosa. Ariko iyo rikoreshwa ku bana b’imyaka 20 banditse ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bati: “Reka twigaragambye”, ubwo haba hatangiye ikindi kibazo kinini. Ni uguhindura uburenganzira icyaha.

Kenya iri mu rugamba rufite ibice bibiri: urugamba rw’abashaka impinduka n’urw’ubutegetsi bushaka gutuza ibitekerezo byose ku rugero rumwe. Mu gihe bamwe bashimangira ko igihugu gifite uburenganzira bwo kurinda umutekano wacyo, abandi baribaza niba amahoro arambye ashobora kugerwaho binyuze mu gufunga, gucecekesha no gusebya abifuje impinduka. Iyo Leta itangiye kubona ubwoba aho hagomba kuba ubwisanzure, ni bwo iterabwoba ritangira kuba ryaragiye aho ryari ritari. Kandi iyo ubutegetsi bukoresheje igitugu nk’umuti uhagarika imyigaragambyo, aba ari bwo burimo guteza ikibazo nyacyo.

Ikibazo cya Kenya si iterabwoba. Ni uburakari bw’abantu bumva batakibona icyizere mu miyoborere. Ahari hakenewe ibiganiro, harubakwa gereza. Ahari hakenewe ukuri, batera amagambo yo kuburabuza. Ahari hakenewe urumuri, hashyirwa urupfu.

Umutekano si ikibazo. Ni igisubizo. Ariko iyo uhisemo kuwubaka ku nkingi z’iterabwoba ryemejwe n’itegeko ritajyanye n’icyo abaturage bakeneye, uba wubatse igihome, si igihugu. Kenya iracyafite amahitamo. Guhitamo kumva aho kurwana. Guhitamo gufungura aho gufunga. Guhitamo igihugu gishyira imbere abaturage, aho gushyira imbere ubwoba bw’ubutegetsi.