Mu gihe uburezi bw’ibanze muri Afurika bugeze ku rwego rwo gutuma urubyiruko rwinshi rwigira ubuntu, cyane cyane mu mashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, hari ikibazo cy’ingutu kidakunda kuvugwa ku mugaragaro: ni iki gitegereje umunyeshuri urangije amashuri yisumbuye utaragize amahirwe yo gukomeza kaminuza?
Mu Rwanda n’ahandi muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ibihumbi by’urubyiruko buri mwaka birangiza amashuri yisumbuye (S6), bigakurikirwa n’igihe kitagira icyerekezo. Kuko:
Benshi baba batabonye amanota abemerera kujya muri kaminuza za Leta
Ababifitiye amanota, baba badafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura kaminuza yigenga
Amasoko y’umurimo nayo ntaba ateganyirijwe cyangwa afunguye ku muntu urangije S6 gusa.
Ibyo byose bituma uru rubyiruko ruba nk’abagiye mu rujijo rw’ubuzima: ntikiga, nta kazi bafite, nta bushobozi bwo kwihangira umurimo bafite, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’imiryango yabo iba yarangiritse. Aha niho agahinda, gutakaza icyizere n’iyangirika ry’amarangamutima bitangirira.
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1. Urubyiruko rucyiri ruto, mu bukene n’ubushomeri: Isura y’ikibazo kirambye
Abenshi mu rubyiruko barangiza amashuri yisumbuye bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 18 na 21. Ni igihe umuntu aba afite inzozi, imbaraga, amarangamutima akomeye, ariko atarakura bihagije ngo amenye gusigasira ibihe bikomeye. Iyo icyo gihe kibaye igihe cyo kwibura aho kuba icyo gutangira ejo hazaza, ibikomere bikura mu mutima nk’igiti cy’imizi itekanye mu butaka bwiza.
Urwo rubyiruko ntirubasha kubona akazi kuko:
Isoko ry’umurimo ririfuza abafite skills zisumbuye cyangwa uburambe
Urwego rw’ubucuruzi ntirugira ubushake bwo kwinjiza abataragera kaminuza
Nta bigo byinshi by’imyuga bikirengera ababashije kurangiza gusa S6
Ikindi cyigaragara ni uko akenshi imiryango iba yarakoze ibishoboka byose ngo umwana asoze amashuri, ariko nyuma yo kurangiza, umutwaro ugasubira ku mwana: kubona igishoro, kujya ku isoko ry’umurimo, cyangwa kwibeshaho. Hari n’ababyeyi bishyurira umwana wabo amashuri, kuko bavuga ngo yige natwe azatubesheho, umwana umunsi wanyuma ahaguruka ku ntebe y’ikizamini aba afashe inshingano kandi ntaho yateguriwe ho kwerekeza! Bigira ingaruka.
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2. Imbogamizi z’imyumvire y’abakuru n’inzego za Leta
Mu muco nyafurika, urubyiruko rukiri ruto ruracyafatwa nk’abagikeneye kuyoborwa, “bararinzwe byeruye cyangwa mu ibanga”bafatwa nk’abataraba abaganira ku hazaza h’igihugu. Aho niho ikibazo cyiyongerera. Hari icyuho hagati y’ibyo urubyiruko rushoboye gukora n’uko rubonwa n’abakuru baruruta.
Mu nzego za Leta no mu bigo bimwe by’abikorera, abarangije S6 ntibizerwa nk’abantu bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora ku mishinga. Iyo batanze igitekerezo cyangwa bagaragaje umushinga, bikubitwa ukuboko: “uracyari muto,” “banza ukure,” “ubu se wowe urabizi kurusha aba bantu twize?”
Ibi bituma hari impano nyinshi zishirira mu marira, ibitekerezo bihinduka imyuka, kandi icyizere kigacaho nka serwakira. Nyamara icyizere n’ubwenge si imyaka.
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3. Ingaruka kuri uru rubyiruko ruto
Ingaruka z’uko urubyiruko rutabona uko rukomeza inzira y’iterambere zaragutse:
Ihangayika ry’amarangamutima: Kwiheba, kwigunga, no kumva ko ubuzima bwarangiriye muri 18-21
Kwiyanga: Gukeka ko batagize amahirwe nk’abandi, bakiyanga, bagatangira kwihagararaho nabi
Kwishora mu bishuko: Bashukwa n’abashobora kubaha amafaranga y’ako kanya, bakajya mu busambanyi, inzoga, cyangwa ibikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko
Kwizirika ku banyamahanga cyangwa imigambi mibi: Bamwe bishora mu ngendo zitizewe bajya hanze cyangwa bafatwa nk’abashaka ubuzima ku gahato. Abadiaspora bakababera ibyiringiro kandi ahanini babashora mu ngeso mbi, hari n’abacuruzwa (Human trafficking)
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4. Inzira z’icyizere n’ibisubizo birambye
4.1. Gukangukira imyuga n’ubushabitsi
Urubyiruko rufite imyaka 18–21 rugomba kwigishwa uburemere bwo kwihangira umurimo hakiri kare. Hari amahugurwa y’imyuga nko kudoda, guteka, ubuhinzi bugezweho, gukora amasabune n’utundi dukorwa tw’akabando k’amafaranga. Ibi byose bishobora gutanga intangiriro y’amafaranga atuma bakomeza kwiteza imbere.
4.2. Kwiga kwihanganira inzira ndende
Hari igihe akazi cyangwa ubuzima bwiza bitaboneka vuba. Kwihangana, gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe, gukora ubukorerabushake ( youth volunteers), no kujya mu matsinda y’urubyiruko bituma umuntu akomeza kwiyubaka. N’ubwo waba utabonye kaminuza, ntibivuze ko ukeneye kureka inzozi.
4.3. Gusaba Leta kongera amahirwe y’urubyiruko rwarangije S6
Ni ingenzi ko gahunda za Leta (nk’inkunga za BDF, imishinga ya NEP, n’andi mahugurwa) zajya zatekerezwa hashingiwe no ku rwego rw’abarangije amashuri yisumbuye, aho kuba izishingiye ku bafite diplome za kaminuza gusa. Kuri iyi ngingo nge mfite ubuhamya buto; hari igihe nari mfite umushinga w’igitabo nashakaga gusohora, n’uko negera ishami rya BDF rinyegereye, gusa nyuma yo kubwira service mbashakaho bo bahise bambwira ko mu mishinga batera inkunga uwo wange wo utarimo, ahubwo ko bibanda ku buhinzi n’ubworozi, tekinike n’ubukorikori nk’ububaji, gusudira, kubaka… igihari ni uko abantu bose tutazahurira mu myuga n’ubumenyingiro, ntabwo urubyiruko rwose rwakwisanga muri tekinike. Hatekerezwa ku mpande zose kuko hari n’ababa bafite imishinga itari mu buryo bufatika ariko bufite akamaro…
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5. Ihumure: Abo byari byarananiye ariko bageze ku nzozi zabo nyuma yo kwihangana, gushikama no guhatana
Reka dusoze iyi nkuru n’icyizere: amagambo y’abantu b’ingenzi, bageze ku rwego rukomeye nubwo bakomotse kure. Mbere yo kuvuga amagambo yabo, turebe ku buzima bwabo gato.
🧑🏿🦱 Strive Masiyiwa
Uyu ni umushoramari wo muri Zimbabwe, washinze ikigo k’ikoranabuhannga Econet Wireless.
Yakuriye mu bukene bukabije, ndetse yize mu mashuri y’abana b’imfubyi.
Yagerageje gushinga sosiyete ye inshuro nyinshi yangirwa n’inzego za Leta, ariko ntiyacitse intege.
“Nta buryo na bumwe bupfa, iyo ubushyizemo umutima.” niko yabivuze mu magambo ye
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👩🏽 Sara Blakely
Yatangiye ari umukozi ushinzwe kwamamaza amapine.
Yatangije Spanx afite amadolari 5,000.
Ubu abarirwa mu bagore b’abaherwe biremeye imbaraga zabo (self-made billionaires).
Mu magambo menshi atandukanye yavuze, yigeze kuvuga ati:“Nize kwihangana mu bushomeri, kuko ni nabwo nize kwihangira umurimo.”
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🧕🏾 Oprah Winfrey
Yavukiye mu bukene bukabije muri Amerika, yarakubitwaga, akabuzwa amashuri.
Nyuma yo gutsinda ibibazo bikomeye, yabaye icyitegererezo mu itangazamakuru.
“Iyo ubuzima bukwihenuyeho, ntibivuze ko ari wowe bwanze. Buba bukugerageza, kugira ngo ubwo uzaba ugarutse, uzabe ushoboye gutunganya byinshi.”
Umwana urangije amashuri yisumbuye, ntakwiriye gufatwa nk’uwarangije amahirwe ye. Ahubwo ni we utangiye urugendo rw’ukuri. Kugira akazi si ko kuba umuntu w’ingirakamaro. Kugira icyerekezo, kwihangana, no gutinyuka gukora nubwo waba udafite byose, ni byo bishingiraho ubuzima burambye.
U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rufite ubushobozi. Ikiruta byose, rukwiye urubuga. Kandi urwo rubuga si irushanwa—ni umwanya wo gutangira kare ukagerayo vuba.