Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yatangije umushinga wo gushyira M23 na RSF ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba mpuzamahanga
Washington D.C – Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zirimo gutegura umushinga w’itegeko (amendment) ushobora kuvamo icyemezo gikomeye mu mateka y’ububanyi n’amahanga n’umutekano w’Afurika. Uyu mushinga urimo gusaba ko umutwe wa M23 ukorera muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC) na RSF (Forces de Soutien Rapide) wo muri Sudani, bashyirwa ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba mpuzamahanga, nk’uko bisanzwe bikorwa n’Amerika ku mitwe ibangamira amahoro ku isi.
Iyi ngingo iboneka mu mushinga wa Amendment S.Amdt. 3626 watanzwe mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Amerika, irashimangira ko umutekano w’Afurika ari ikibazo mpuzamahanga, bityo ibihugu bifite ijambo rikomeye mu ruhando rw’isi bikwiye kugira uruhare mu gukumira no guhana ibikorwa by’iterabwoba, byaba bikorwa mu nyito y’inyeshyamba cyangwa andi matsinda atemewe n’amategeko.
RSF – Inyeshyamba zakomotse ku mutwe witwa Janjawid
RSF, cyangwa Forces de Soutien Rapide, ni umutwe w’inyeshyamba washinzwe muri 2013 muri Sudani, nyuma yo kwiyomora kuri Janjawid, umutwe wagiye uvugwaho uruhare rukomeye muri jenoside yabereye mu gace ka Darfour guhera muri 2003.
Uyu mutwe waje gukoreshwa n’ubutegetsi bwa Omar al-Bashir, aho wakoreshejwe mu guhangana n’inyeshyamba n’abigaragambya, ukaba waragize uruhare rukomeye mu bikorwa by’ihohotera ryibasiye abaturage. Nyuma yo guhirikwa kwa Bashir, RSF ntabwo yacitse intege, ahubwo yaje kwisuganya, iza kugirana intambara isese amaraso n’igisirikare cya Leta ya Sudani – ibyinshi bikaba bikomeje kuba inkubiri y’icuraburindi mu gihugu cyari kimaze igihe kirekire mu kaga ka politiki.
M23 – Umutwe ushinjwa guhungabanya umutekano w’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari
Ku rundi ruhande, M23 ni umutwe umaze igihe uhangayikishije ubutegetsi bwa Congo n’abaturanyi bayo. Washinzwe bwa mbere mu 2012, ushinjwa kugira inkunga iva hanze, ndetse no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi, iyicwa ry’abasivili n’ihungabana ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu burasirazuba bwa RDC – by’umwihariko muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Nk’uko uyu mushinga w’itegeko ubivuga, ibikorwa bya M23 biri mu byateje umutekano muke muri Congo, bituma miliyoni z’abaturage bahunga, abandi bakicwa cyangwa bagatakaza imitungo yabo. Leta ya Congo ivuga ko M23 ari umutwe w’iterabwoba, ikaba isaba amahanga ko nabo babifata gutyo.
Inyandiko y’Amerika irasaba iki?
Amendment S.Amdt. 3626 ishyizwe imbere na Sena ya Amerika, irasaba ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi:
- Kugena ko M23 na RSF ari imitwe y’iterabwoba mpuzamahanga, ifite ibikorwa bihungabanya amahoro ku mugabane w’Afurika;
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Kugira ibihano bihamye ku bantu cyangwa ibihugu bikorana cyangwa bifasha iyi mitwe mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, harimo ibijyanye n’ubukungu, intwaro, n’itumanaho;
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Gufatira umutungo wose w’iyo mitwe cyangwa uw’abantu bafite aho bahurira n’ayo matsinda, igihe uwo mutungo uboneka ku butaka bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ingaruka zishobora gukurikiraho
Iyo umutwe ushyizwe ku rutonde rw’iterabwoba na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bigira ingaruka zikomeye zishobora no gukwirakwira ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Harimo:
Gufatira umutungo uri muri Amerika cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga w’iyo mitwe cyangwa abawushyigikiye;
Kubuza ibikorwa byose by’ubufatanye, haba mu by’ubukungu, intwaro, itangazamakuru, cyangwa politiki;
Kugerwaho n’ingaruka ku ruhande rw’abafatanyabikorwa ba RSF na M23 – by’umwihariko ibihugu bivugwaho gutera inkunga iyi mitwe.
Ibi bishobora gutuma bamwe bahagarika gutera inkunga izo nyeshyamba, bitewe n’ubwoba bwo gufatirwa ibihano na Amerika.
Incamake y’ibiteganywa mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iri tegeko
Muri iyi amendment, hateganywa ko:
Mu minsi 90 nyuma yo gutangira kubahirizwa, Umunyamabanga wa Leta (Secretary of State) wa Amerika agomba kugeza ku Nteko ishinga amategeko raporo y’isesengura ryimbitse ku bikorwa by’iyi mitwe.
Iyo raporo izaba ibitswe (classified), bivuze ko itazashyirwa mu ruhame kuko izaba irimo amakuru y’iperereza n’umutekano w’igihugu.
Ibihe bya dipolomasi: Felix Tshisekedi yirinda intambara
Mu gihe Congo ihanganye na M23 mu ntambara ikomeye imaze imyaka irenga ibiri, Perezida Félix Antoine Tshisekedi yatangiye kugaragaza ko dipolomasi ari cyo gisubizo kirambye, aho kotswa igitutu cy’intambara z’urudaca. Ibi biragaragarira mu buryo Congo yirinda gushora ingabo mu bitero bya rusange, ahubwo igashyira imbaraga mu gushishikariza amahanga guhana imitwe irimo M23, inasaba ko ishyirwa ku rutonde rw’iterabwoba.
Si igitangaza ko ibi byahuriranye n’uko tariki ya 2 Kanama 2025, Leta ya RDC yatangaje ko uyu munsi uzajya wibukwa nka “Umunsi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abanye-Congo”, ibi bikaba bigaragaza imiterere y’uburakari n’agahinda abaturage bayo bafite kubera ibikorwa by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Igisigaye ni iki?
Kugeza ubu, uyu mushinga w’itegeko uherereye muri Sena ya Amerika, ariko uzasuzumwa n’abagize Inteko mbere y’uko ushyirwaho umukono na Perezida. Niba byemejwe, ibyo bizagira ingufu z’itegeko ku rwego mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’imyitwarire y’ibihugu bikorana cyangwa bifitanye isano n’iyo mitwe.
Isi irimo guhinduka
Gushyira RSF na M23 ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba mpuzamahanga byaba ari ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’uko ibihugu bikomeye ku isi bitangiye gufata mu buryo bukomeye imvururu z’ihemberwa mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari n’akarere ka Sahel.
Ni icyemezo gishobora kugaragaza impinduka mu mikoranire hagati ya Afurika n’Amerika, ariko nanone gishobora kuzamura ubushyamirane mu mubano n’ibihugu bivugwaho kugira uruhare cyangwa inyungu mu bikorwa by’iyi mitwe.
Icyitonderwa:
Amateka ya politiki yerekana ko gushyira umutwe ku rutonde rw’iterabwoba bitari ibya tekiniki gusa – ni igikorwa gifite ingaruka kuri buri rwego: politiki, ubukungu, umutekano n’imibanire mpuzamahanga.
Soma Amendment hano:
🔗 https://www.congress.gov/amendment/119th-congress/senate-amendment/3626/text