Uburezi ni kimwe mu byitezweho guhindura ubuzima bw’abaturage, by’umwihariko urubyiruko. Mu Rwanda, leta yashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu burezi binyuze mu kubwongerera amafaranga, kubaka amashuri, ndetse no gutanga amasomo ku buntu. Ariko se, niba abana biga imyaka 12-16, bakarangiza badafite aho berekeza, ubwo ubwo burezi butugeza he?
Uyu mwandiko urasesengura ukuntu uburezi bwacu bwahindutse umutwaro, aho kuba igisubizo. Ugaruka ku mikorere yabwo, inkomoko y’ibibazo biri muri bwo, ibisubizo bishoboka, ndetse n’icyerekezo kigomba gufatwa.
1. UBUREZI MU RWANDA: UBUSO N’IREME
Uburezi mu Rwanda burushaho bugaragara nk’igikorwa kinini kigaragara ku mubare, ariko ntibuhuye n’ireme. Hari ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi:
Ubuso (Quantité): Abana benshi bariga, amashuri menshi yarubatswe, abarimu benshi barigisha.
Ireme (Qualité): Ibintu bigaragara nk’ibikomeye birimo:
Kudahuza amasomo n’ubuzima bwo hanze y’ishuri.
Kutagira ubumenyi bushingiye ku gukora (skills).
Gutsindwa kwinshi mu mashuri ya kaminuza.
Ingero:
Umwana wize imyaka 6 y’abanza, 6 yisumbuye, 3 muri kaminuza—ariko adashobora gutegura business plan yoroheje, cyangwa ngo yandike CV ikurura abatanga akazi.
Aha niho usanga uburezi butakiri urufunguzo rw’iterambere, ahubwo bwarabaye umutwaro ku muntu ndetse no ku gihugu.
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2. INKOMOKO Y’IMIKORERE Y’UBUREZI BW’U RWANDA
Ibibazo biba byiza iyo byumviswe n’aho byaturutse.
a. Ibihe by’ubukoloni (Ababiligi):
Abaturage bigishwaga kuba abakozi ba Leta, abavunyi b’abakoloni.
Uburezi bwibandaga ku gukaraga amaboko n’ubwenge bwo gukorera abandi.
b. Gukurikira amahame y’amahanga:
Mu myaka myinshi, u Rwanda rwagiye rwiyumvamo uburyo bw’abanyaburayi, ariko ntirwatekereza ku gushingira ku byifuzo by’abaturage.
Nta burezi bwigeze buvuga ngo “dufite ibibazo runaka—twagombye kugira amasomo abuha ibisubizo.”
c. Kuvanga uburyo bwa Francophone na Anglo-Saxon:
Ubu dukoresha Icyongereza mu kwigisha, ariko ntabwo byahinduye imyumvire ya porogaramu. Abana baracyasabwa kwibuka ibintu aho kubisobanukirwa.
Ikibazo gikomeye: uburezi ntibwubakiye ku mibereho y’u Rwanda, bwubakiye ku buryo bwo “kwigana” ibyo ahandi bakoze.
3. IMPAMVU ABIZE ARI BO BASHOMERI CYANE
Uko ibintu biteye:
Umwana wiga imyaka 12-16 abwirwa ko niyiga azabona akazi keza, ni nako program y’amasomo ye iteye.
Arangiza kaminuza asanga isoko ry’umurimo rifite ibintu bitandukanye n’ibyo yize.
Iby’ingenzi bigaragara:
Amasomo menshi ni teori, idafite aho ihurira n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Abanyeshuri barangiza badafite ubumenyi ngiro—nko gukora mudasobwa, gutunganya ubworozi bwihariye, gukora ubucuruzi, cyangwa gutangiza ikigo cyabo.
Ababyeyi barishora mu nguzanyo z’ibigo by’amashuri na kaminuza—baziko barimo “gushyira umwana ahantu hazamuteza imbere”—ariko bikarangira ari umutwaro.
Ubuhamya:
Icyegeranyo cya RGB (2023) cyerekanye ko 47% by’urubyiruko ruri munsi y’imyaka 35 rudafite akazi kandi rwarize. Ni nk’aho amashuri aba yarabagize nk’abandi bose, aho kubarushaho.
4. UBUREZI BUDATOZA KWIHANGIRA IMIRIMO
Abana bigishwa Entrepreneurship nk’isomo, ariko si uburyo bwo kububaka.
Ibyagaragaye:
Nta bikorwa bifatika biba biri inyuma y’isomo—ni amagambo gusa.
Nta “projects” zitangizwa n’abanyeshuri.
Abarimu ubwabo ntibigeze bihangira imirimo. Bigisha iryo somo mu buryo na bo ubwabo babona nk’ibisubizo, ariko ibisubizo batakoresheje cg ngo bibagirire umumaro. None entrepreneur twize twese tuzayigisha kugira ngo twitwe ko idutunze?
Ikibazo nyamukuru: uburezi ntibwigisha “gukora” ahubwo bwigisha “kwandika ibyo wakora”—iyo ni yo mpamvu isomo riba ridatanga umusaruro.
5. ESE IBYO TWAHUGIYEHO BIFITE AKAMARO?
Dore uko amasomo menshi ameze:
Geography: Amasomo y’imiterere y’isi ariko nta n’umwe uhuza na gahunda z’ubuhinzi, ibidukikije, cyangwa gukoresha ikirere mu bucuruzi. Hibindwa ku kumenya amazina y’imigezi n’aho iherereye, ibirunga byarutse, isanzure, aho ubushinwa buherereye n’ibindi. Kumenya ibyo gusa muby’ukuri bifashishije iki?
History: Abanyeshuri bamenya Napoleon kurusha Musinga cyangwa Kayibanda.
Maths/Physics: Ubumenyi butagira aho bushingira ku bikorwa—nta robots, nta coding, nta math applied to business. Nimba binahari sinzi impamvu bidashyirwamo imbaraga ngo tubimenya.
Literature: Nta shyirwamubikorwa ryo guhanga ibitabo, filime, cyangwa amateka y’u Rwanda avugwa mu ndimi za gihanzi. Nka Jomo Kenyatta Foundation, tuzi ibitabo byayo byinshi byanditswe n’abana ndetse n’urubyiruko rw’abanyakenya. Biratangaje kuba mu Rwanda twiga Literature, abana bakarenda barangiza kwiga ntawe unazwi mu kigo ko ari umwanditsi w’amateka, inkuru z’urukundo, cg za Drama. Literature izadufasha iki hanze aha mu gihe ibyayigiwemo ntaho byaherewe intebe n’umurongo? Abanditsi b’amateka yacu bazava he se?
Icyihishe inyuma: amasomo si mabi, ahubwo ntiyigishwa mu buryo bwubaka umuntu.
6. DUTOZWA KUGIRA IMITEKEREREZE Y’UTEGEREZA
Kuva mu mashuri y’incuke, umwana abwirwa ko agomba kwitonda, gukurikiza amategeko, guceceka, no gukora ibyo abwiwe.
Nta myitozo yo kwiyobora.
Nta gutozwa kwigira.
Nta guhabwa umwanya wo kwibaza impamvu ibintu biri uko biri.
Akamaro k’ibi byose?:
Tubyara abanyeshuri bazi “gutsinda” ariko batazi “guhangana n’ubuzima.”
7. TWAGERERANYA IKI NA HE? – AHANDI BIKORWA NEZA TWAREBERA
Singapore:
Uburezi bushingiye ku gukemura ibibazo bihari (problem-based learning).
Amasomo akorwa mu matsinda, abanyeshuri bafite ubumenyi ngiro—nk’aho buri wese ari “technician.”
Inkunga ya Leta mu gutangiza imishinga ku ishuri. Abanyeshuri bakarangiza kwiga bafite experience mu byo bize, nta byo gutegereza kugirira uburambe mu kazi. Urugero nk’abiga za chemistry, bashobora guhabwa inkunga ibafasha gukora amasabune, imiti n’izindi finished product, bakaba banavumbura igihe bakiri mu mashuri yabo. Hanyuma baba barangije bagakomezanya ubwo bumenyi mu ngiro aho kubivuga gusa. Muri Literature, benshi mu banyeshuri bakarangije bafite ibitabo banditse babifashijwemo na gahunda iba yaratanzwe, bafite ama filme n’amakinamico, ibyo bikabafasha guhita bakomerezaho ubuzima kandi mu bintu bazi neza. Bikanafasha sosiyete kuko burya gusoma ni ingenzi. Ishuri ryigisha umuziki rya Nyundo rigerageza kubikora neza, n’ubwo hakenewe ibindi bigo kugira ngo habeho competition ituma barushaho gukora neza. Naho ubu, umunyeshuri wize Literature azi ibitabo Chinua Achebe yanditse, William Shakespeare n’abandi, azi amoko y’inkuru n’igihe yavumburiwe. Za Sonnet na za Haiku na Tanka akaba azi inkomoko yabyo na ba nyirabyo, ariko se bifasha iki mu buzima bwabo busanzwe mu mujyo w’iterambere?
USA:
Harigishwa ibintu bifatika: ubuhanzi, ikoranabuhanga, business creation. Sinarenga hano ntashimiye ubuyobozi bw’ishuri rya muzika ryo ku Nyundo.
Abanyeshuri bakora ibifitanye isano n’amasomo yabo guhera ku myaka 15.
Hari amahugurwa ya buri rwego ajyana n’ubuzima bwo hanze.
Twebwe: dufite theory nyinshi ariko idahinduka ubuzima. Mba nibaza, nk’abiga za Riviera, Kigali International na za Kigali parent, imibereho yabo mu mashuri ihura n’iyo nizemo kuri Nine y’iwacu? Cg mu gihugu mo imbere mu gisata cy’uburezi harimo ibyiciro bitandukanye n’abagomba kubyigamo?
8. IBISUBIZO BISANZWE BIDASABA IBYO KUJYA KURE
Gusuzuma amasomo buri myaka 5 hakarebwa ibyo akenewemo n’isoko. Turi mu Rwanda ruri ku muvuduko witerambere udasanzwe, ntibikwiye ko ibyo nize mu myaka 10 ishize, urundi rungano rwongera kubyiga nk’uko nabyize. Kereka gusa igihe nta mpinduka zabayeho mu iterambere n’imirimo iri hanze. Niyompamvu hakenewe iryo suzuma
Gutoza abarimu ibijyanye n’imyumvire ya “innovation”. Abarimu ubwabo uretse kuba bigisha ibiri mu bitabo, mu buzima busanzwe ntawe urashyira mu bikorwa ibyo yigisha. Icyo na cyo ni ikibazo
Gushyiraho ingengo y’imari mu bigo by’amashuri izafasha abanyeshuri gukora imishinga. Ibi nanabigarutseho mu ngingo yabanje haruguru
Gukora partnerships n’abikorera: ibigo bikorana n’amashuri, abanyeshuri bagakora “internship.”
Gutangiza amarushanwa y’udushya (innovation competitions).
Kwigisha ibintu nk’imari, uko ucuruza, uko wabyaza umusaruro ikoranabuhanga. Kandi bikaba nk’itegeko kubona abanyeshuri babikora nk’uko babyigishwa, nk’uko gufata uko intambara ya mbere y’isi yagenze n’abayirwanye biba ari nk’itegeko.
UBUREZI BUKENEYE UBUTABAZI
Iyo uburezi buhinduye umuntu umunyantege nke, aho kumuha ubushobozi bwo guhindura u Rwanda, ubwo ni ikibazo gikomeye. Kwigira ntibivuze gutsinda amasomo, bivuze gushobora ubuzima.
Turamutse dukomeje kwigisha nk’uko byakorwaga mu gihe cy’abakoloni, tuzarera abasaba, aho kurera abatanga.
Ni ngombwa ko uburezi buba umusingi, si umutwaro.
NSOJE NSHIMIRA UBUYOBOZI BW’IGIHUGU CYACU CYATANZE UBURENGANZIRA N’URUBUGA KURI BURIMUNTU WESE, BWO GUTANGA IGITEKEREZO MU NGUNI Y’UMVAMO IBINTU. IYI NKURU IKUBIYEMO IBITEKEREZO BYANGE BWITE (Corneille Ntaco) NGENDEYE KU KO MBONA UBUREZI BWACU KANDI NK’UMWE MU BABUNYUZEMO NIGA, AHO NAKORESHEJE IMVUGO MBI MBISEGUYEHO KANDI NDAKIRA IBITEKEREZO BYOSE MU RWEGO RUNYUNGURA UBUNDI BUMENYI CYANGWA RUNSHYIGIKIRA. MURAKOZE.