Urukingo rushya rwemejwe mu Bwongereza na Pays de Galles rushobora guhindura isura y’ubwirinzi bwa SIDA

Ku nshuro ya mbere, abarwayi bo mu Bwongereza na Pays de Galles bagiye gutangira guhabwa urukingo  rwifashishwa mu kurinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (HIV) ku bitaro bya Leta (NHS), nk’uko byari bisanzwe bikorwa muri Scotland.

Uru rukingo rushyirwa mu mubiri inshuro esheshatu ku mwaka (buri mezi abiri), rukaba ari ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda HIV butandukanye n’ukunywa ibinini bya buri munsi. Abahanga mu buzima bavuga ko izi nkingo za cabotegravir (CAB-LA) zishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kugera ku ntego yo guhagarika ibyorezo bishya bya HIV mu Bwongereza bitarenze umwaka wa 2030.

Byongeye, ibizamini by’ibanze ku rundi rukingo rwitwa lenacapavir bigaragaza icyizere ko bishobora kugera aho umuntu ahabwa urukingo rumwe rukamurinda HIV mu gihe cy’umwaka wose.

“Ibi ni icyizere gishya”

Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ubuzima, Wes Streeting, yavuze ati:

> “Kwemererwa gukoresha uru rukingo rw’udushya ni intambwe ikomeye igaragaza ibyo Leta yacu yiyemeje: gutanga ubuvuzi bugezweho bukiza ubuzima kandi budasiga umuntu n’umwe inyuma. Ku bantu bafite ingorane mu gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda HIV, ibi ni icyizere gishya.”

Ubuvuzi bwo kwirinda kwandura HIV buzwi nka PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) ni uburyo bw’abantu batanduye HIV bwo kwirinda kwandura virusi iyo bari mu byago byo kuyandura.

N’ubwo ibinini bya PrEP bimaze imyaka myinshi kandi bikora neza cyane, si buri wese ubasha kubyitabira: hari ababona bigoye kubibona, abandi bagatinya ko ababyeyi cyangwa abo babana babibasangana, ndetse hari n’ababura uburyo bwo kubinywa neza bitewe n’ibibazo nk’ubuhunzi cyangwa ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo.

Uru rukingo rushya rumara amezi menshi mu mubiri kandi rugaha umuntu uburyo bworoshye kandi butagaragara cyane bwo kwirinda.

Uko HIV ikwirakwira

HIV ni virusi yangiza uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, bigatuma umuntu adashobora kwirwanaho ku ndwara zisanzwe. Ishobora kwandurira mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, gusangira inshinge, cyangwa umubyeyi ayanduza umwana igihe abyara, muri rusange iyi virusi yandurira mu guhuza amaraso igihe hari uyirwaye hagati y’aho bayahuje.

Uru rukingo rwa cabotegravir, rukorwa na sosiyete ViiV Healthcare, rugomba gukoreshwa ruvanze n’ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda nko gukoresha agakingirizo.

NHS yavuze ko yagiranye n’uruganda rukora uru rukingo amasezerano y’ibanga agamije kugabanya igiciro cyarwo gisanzwe kiri hafi £7,000 ku muntu ku mwaka.

Abazahabwa uru rukingo

Uru rukingo ruzatangira guhabwa abakuze n’ingimbi bafite ibiro bisanzwe, bari mu byago byo kwandura HIV binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko bagorwa no gufata PrEP mu binini. Biteganyijwe ko abantu bagera ku 1,000 aribo bazatangirirwaho, mu gihe abandi benshi bazakomeza cyangwa batangire gukoresha ibinini.

Umwe mu bakoresha PrEP witwa Dom Baldwin yavuze ko yishimiye cyane aya makuru:

> “Birashimishije kubona hakiri ubushakashatsi n’udushya mu buvuzi no mu kwirinda HIV. Ugereranyije n’imyaka ya 1980 aho abantu benshi bapfaga kubera ubujiji, igitutu n’ubukene, ubu HIV si urupfu rw’iteka.”

Nk’uko bitangazwa n’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge mu buvuzi (NICE), izi nkingo zizatangira gutangwa mu mezi ari imbere mu mavuriro y’ubuzima bw’imyororokere atangwa na NHS.

Imiryango yita ku bafite ubwandu bwa HIV, nka Terrence Higgins Trust, isaba ko serivisi z’uru rukingo zikwirakwizwa vuba kandi zigasohoka mu mavuriro y’imyororokere gusa, kugira ngo zigere ku bantu bose.

Umuyobozi w’iyo miryango, Richard Angell, yagize ati:

> “Ni uburyo bukora neza kandi bworohereza abarwayi. Ni intwaro ikomeye mu kugabanya ubusumbane, cyane cyane ku bantu bataragerwaho n’ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda HIV.”

Imibare mishya yerekana aho ibintu bigeze

Amakuru ya Leta y’u Bwongereza agaragaza ko umubare w’abantu bafata PrEP uri kwiyongera. Mu mwaka ushize, abantu 146,098 batanduye HIV bari bafite ibyago bikomeye byo kuyandura.

Muri abo, 111,123 (ni ukuvuga 76%) batangiye cyangwa bakomeje gukoresha PrEP — bikaba ari ukwiyongera kwa 7.7% ugereranyije na 2023.

Ariko kandi, kwitabira PrEP ntibirangana mu matsinda yose:

Abagabo n’abahungu bahuje ibitsina bafite igipimo cyo hejuru (79.4% mu bazungu, 77.8% mu bafite inkomoko mu yandi moko).

Abagore n’abagabo b’Abanyafurika bakomoka muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara bafite igipimo gito cyane (34.6% ku bagore, 36.4% ku bagabo).

Mu gihe kimwe, ibitaro 89 mu Bwongereza biri mu turere dufite ubwandu bwinshi bwa HIV byatangiye gukora ibizamini bya HIV ku bantu bose bafatwa amaraso mu mashami y’ibitaro byihutirwa (A&E).

Mu magambo magufi:
Uru rukingo rushya rwa cabotegravir ruzafasha abantu benshi kubona uburyo bwizewe, bworoheje kandi butagaragara bwo kwirinda HIV, rukaba rutanga icyizere cy’uko u Bwongereza bushobora guhagarika ubwandu bushya bwa HIV bitarenze 2030.

Tuzabamenyesha uru rukingo niruba rwageze mu Rwanda, igihe minisiteri y’ubuzima izaba yabitangaje.