Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19, mu gihe ibihugu by’i Burayi byari mu irushanwa rikomeye ryo kwigarurira Afurika rizwi nka Scramble for Africa, Ethiopia na yo yabaye igicumbi cy’inyungu z’Ubwami bw’u Butaliyani. Icyo gihe, u Butaliyani bwashakaga kuyigira koloni, bushingira ku masezerano yanditswe mu ndimi z’i Burayi bwifashishije mu kugaragaza ko bufite ububasha ku bwigenge bwa Ethiopia.
Ariko Umwami Menelik II ntiyarebeye kure iyo migambi. Yabonye akaga hakiri kare, atangira gutegura igihugu mu buryo bwimbitse.
Aho guca bugufi no kwemera gucinya inkoro, Menelik II yahisemo inzira yo kuvugurura no gushimangira ubusugire bw’igihugu. Yatumije imbunda n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare bigezweho, yubaka igisirikare gikomeye kandi kiteguye urugamba. Mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, yagiranye umubano n’ibihugu bitandukanye by’i Burayi, yirinda kugendera ku gihugu kimwe cyonyine.
Yashoboye kandi guhuza uturere dutandukanye n’ingabo zatwo munsi y’ubuyobozi bumwe, ashyiraho ubutegetsi bukomatanyije. Bityo, igihe u Butaliyani bwashakaga gushyira mu bikorwa imigambi yabwo yo kwigarurira Ethiopia, bwahuye n’igihugu kitari cyoroshye, ahubwo cyari gifite gahunda, gifite intwaro kandi gifite ubushake bwo kwirwanaho.
Mu 1896, ingabo za Ethiopia ziyobowe na Menelik II zatsinze iz’u Butaliyani mu ntambara ya Adwa. Iyi ntambara, izwi nka Battle Of Adwa, yabaye impinduka ikomeye mu mateka y’Afurika.
U Butaliyani bwatsinzwe burundu kandi nabi, buhatirwa kwemera ubwigenge busesuye bwa Ethiopia. Iyi ntsinzi yatunguye ibihugu byinshi by’i Burayi, kuko byari bimenyereye gutsinda no kwigarurira ibindi bihugu bitari iby’i Burayi. Ethiopia yabaye igihugu rukumbi cyo muri Afurika cyabashije gutsinda igitero cy’ubukoloni binyuze ku ntsinzi ya gisirikare muri icyo gihe.
Adwa ntiyari intambara isanzwe gusa. Yabaye ikimenyetso cy’uburenganzira bwo kwigenga n’icyizere ku Banyafurika no ku bakomoka kuri Afurika bari mu bukoloni cyangwa bahura n’ivangura. Yagaragaje ko ubutegetsi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi butari itegeko ridashobora guhinduka.
Nubwo Menelik II ashimirwa kuba yarubakiye igihugu ku bwigenge no ku musingi wa Leta ikomeye, umurage we uracyavugwaho impaka. Yaguye imbibi za Ethiopia, ashyiraho umurwa mukuru i Addis Ababa, yubaka imihanda n’imiyoboro y’itumanaho nka telegraphe.
Ariko kandi, kwagura igihugu kwe kwajyanye no gutsinda no kwinjiza uturere tw’abaturanyi ku ngufu, ibintu bigikomeza kugibwaho impaka mu mateka ya Ethiopia.
Inkuru ya Menelik II ni inkuru y’ubuyobozi, kwitegura no kwirwanaho ku bwigenge. Intsinzi ya Adwa yanditse izina rya Ethiopia mu mateka y’isi nk’igihugu cyerekanye ko Afurika itari “iyo kwigabirwa” uko bishakiye, ahubwo yari ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirwanaho no kwihitiramo ejo hazaza hayo.
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