Mobile Money mu Rwanda: Uburyo Telefoni Yahinduye Ubuzima bw’Abaturage n’Imikorere y’Ubukungu

Mu Rwanda, uburyo bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga hifashishijwe telefoni, buzwi nka mobile money, bwahinduye ubuzima bwa benshi mu buryo bugaragara. Abaturage bo mu mijyi ndetse no mu byaro basigaye babasha guhererekanya amafaranga mu buryo bwihuse, kwishyura serivisi z’ibanze, ndetse no kugabanya gukenera kujya muri banki. Ibi byatumye bamwe bavuga ko “banki isigaye igendanwa mu mufuka (aho bayigeraho baciye muri telephone),” ariko koko ni uko bimeze? Ese iyi sisiteme y’itumanaho ry’amafaranga igira ingaruka nziza gusa, cyangwa ifite n’ibibazo bikomeye ku muturage n’igihugu muri rusange?

Raporo ya National Bank of Rwanda, yasohotse muri Kamena 2024, yagaragaje ko konti za mobile money mu gihugu zarengeje miliyoni cumi n’eshatu 13, kandi ibikorwa by’amafaranga byakorewe kuri telefoni hifashishijwe Mobile Money bisaga 80% by’imyishyuranire yose idakoresha amafaranga afatika. Aya makuru yerekana ko mobile money iri kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru ku buryo ishobora kuba ari inkingi ya cashless economy mu Rwanda. Ku wa 31 Werurwe 2025, raporo y’imikorere ya MTN Group mu Rwanda yerekanye ko abakoresha MoMo barengae miliyoni zirindwi, kandi agaciro k’ibikorwa by’amafaranga byakozwe buri kwezi kari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika. Nanone, raporo ya GSMA yo muri Mata 2024 yashyize u Rwanda mu bihugu byateye imbere mu ikoreshwa rya mobile money ku mugabane wa Afurika, igaragaza ko iterambere ryayo rikurura ubushake bwo gutera imbere mu bukungu bwa digitale.

Ku muturage usanzwe, mobile money yazanye impinduka zifatika. Ku mucuruzi muto, umucuruzi w’ibiribwa cyangwa umuhinzi, ubu buryo bworoshya kubika amafaranga mu buryo bwizewe no kohereza amafaranga mu gihugu hose mu masegonda make. Ntibikiri ngombwa kugendana amafaranga menshi mu mifuka cyangwa gutega imodoka wishyuye cash. Kwishyura serivisi z’ibanze nk’amazi, amashanyarazi, imisoro mito, ndetse n’ubwishingizi, byose bishobora gukorerwa kuri telefoni, bigatuma ubuzima bwa buri munsi bworoha cyane. Kubera ko abacuruzi benshi batagikeneye kubika amafaranga menshi mu maduka yabo, bigabanya ibyago byo kwibwa cyangwa guhomba kubera ubujura. Mobile money kandi igera ku baturage badafite konti muri banki, ibaha amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere no gukora ubucuruzi bworoshye.

Ku rwego rw’igihugu, leta y’u Rwanda ifata mobile money nk’igikoresho gikomeye cyo kongera uburyo bwo gukusanya imisoro no kugenzura uko amafaranga azenguruka. Raporo ya World Bank yasohotse ku itariki ya 15 Nyakanga 2023 ku bijyanye n’ubukungu bwa digitale muri Afurika igaragaza ko kwishyura hakoreshejwe telefoni bituma amafaranga akwirakwizwa mu buryo bwanditse, bigabanya ibyago bya ruswa n’ubujura. Ibi bituma leta igera ku baturage benshi mu gutanga inkunga n’imfashanyo, ndetse bikorohereza abikorera mu guhererekanya amafaranga ku buryo butekanye kandi bwihuse.

Ariko n’ubwo inyungu ari nyinshi, mobile money igira imbogamizi zikomeye zidashobora kwirengagizwa. Guhura n’abajura n’ababeshya mu buryo bwa scam ni kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara. Rwanda Investigation Bureau yatangaje ko mu Ukuboza 2024 yakiriye ibirego byinshi by’abaturage bakorewe uburiganya bw’amafaranga kuri telefoni, harimo guhamagarwa n’abantu biyita abakozi ba MTN cyangwa Airtel, ndetse no koherezwa ubutumwa bugamije guhungabanya umutekano w’abakiriya. Ibi byerekana ko mobile money, nubwo yorohereza abantu, nayo ishobora kuba icyuho ku banyabyaha bafite ubushobozi bwo guhindura uburyo bwo kubiba amafaranga.

Ikindi kibazo gikomeye ni igiciro cya serivisi. Abaturage benshi bavuga ko kwishyura amafaranga make kuri serivisi zinyuranye birenze ubushobozi bwabo, kandi kwishyura inshuro nyinshi mu gihe gito bituma amafaranga agenda yiyongera. Abantu benshi kandi batagira smartphones cyangwa internet ihagije bakomeje gusigara inyuma mu mikorere ya serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga zigezweho, bigatuma mobile money idakora ku buryo bwuzuye ku baturage bose. Nanone, ikibazo cy’umutekano w’amakuru n’ubumenyi buke ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga kiracyari ikibazo gikomeye, kuko benshi batazi neza aho amakuru yabo ajya cyangwa uburyo arinzwe, bigatera impungenge ku mutekano w’amafaranga yabo.

Mu mpande zose z’ubukungu, abasesenguzi basanga mobile money itari gusimbura banki burundu, ahubwo iri kuziba icyuho ku bantu batagerwaho na banki, igakora nka “banki yoroheje” iri mu mufuka. Iyi sisiteme ifasha banki kugera ku bakiriya bashya, kandi konti za banki nazo zikomeza kwiyongera cyane cyane mu mijyi, bigaragaza ko mobile money n’ubwo ari ingenzi, ari kimwe mu bikoresho byunganira uburyo busanzwe bw’imari.

Mobile money mu Rwanda yabaye igikoresho cy’ingenzi ku muturage, yoroshya ubuzima bwa buri munsi, kandi ikaba inkingi y’ubukungu bwa digitale ku rwego rw’igihugu. Icyakora, ibibazo by’umutekano, igiciro cya serivisi, n’ubumenyi buke ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga biracyari imbogamizi zikomeye zigomba gucungwa neza. Ku muturage muto, mobile money ni umufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi mu buzima, ku gihugu ni inkingi y’ubukungu, ariko ku banyabyaha ni uburyo bushya bwo kwiba. Iyi sisiteme igaragaza neza ko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuba umuti w’ibibazo by’ubukungu ariko nanone rikaba n’icyuho ku bantu badafite amakuru cyangwa ubumenyi buhagije ku ikoranabuhanga. Ba uwa mbere ku makuru yacu https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vad5UfC89inh67apBK2j