Mu gihugu cya Afurika y’Epfo, umuhango wa gakondo usanzwe ukorwa mu rwego rwo kwimika abasore ngo babe abagabo, wasize icyasha gikomeye nyuma y’uko abahungu 39 bapfiriye mu gikorwa cyo gusiramurwa (circumcision) cyakozwe mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko, abandi benshi bagakomereka bikabije.
Uyu muhango, uzwi mu ndimi zaho nka “ukwaluka” mu moko nka Xhosa, ni imwe mu mihango ya kera ifatwa nka kirazira kutitabira mu miryango imwe n’imwe. Uko bikorwa, ni uko abasore bari hagati y’imyaka 12 na 18 bajyanwa ahantu hitaruye, mu mashyamba cyangwa mu butayu, bakamarayo ibyumweru byinshi mu “ishuri ry’inkwakuzi” ribigisha umuco, imyitwarire, ubupfura, n’inshingano z’umugabo.
Umuhango ugizwe n’ibice bibiri: igikorwa cyo gusiramura ubwabyo, aho ihuriro ry’inyama z’igitsina rikurwaho burundu (gukata igice cy’uruhu gupfuka igitsina ku muhungu); n’igihe cyo kwitabwaho, bagaragaza kwihangana n’imyitwarire nk’iy’umugabo. Ubusanzwe, ibyo bikorwa byose byakagombaga gukorwa n’abagabo b’inzobere babihuguriwe, bakagira n’ibikoresho byabugenewe birimo ibyuma bipfundikiye neza, isuku, ndetse n’ubuvuzi buhoraho mu gihe cyose bari aho.
Nyamara, mu buryo bunyuranyije n’itegeko n’ubuzima, hagiye havuka amashuri y’inkwakuzi y’ibanga adafite uburenganzira, aho abahungu bajyanwa gukorerwa iyo mihango mu buryo bwangiza ubuzima bwabo. Ibi bigo bitemewe byifashisha abiyita “abasiramuzi” ariko batize ubuvuzi, badafite ubumenyi ku isuku, cyangwa ku buryo bwo guca no gutunganya igisebe mu buryo butagira ingaruka.
Abapfuye bazize ibikomere byatewe no gukatwa n’ibikoresho byanduye cyangwa bishaje, nk’amacumu, uduhiri, ibyuma bisanzwe bitanafite isuku, ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho gakondo bikunze gukoreshwa ariko bidapimwe. Bamwe banduye indwara zkomoko ku mwanda, abandi bapfira mu nzira bitewe n’inyota, inzara, n’akato k’ubuvuzi. Hari abakaswe batagezwaga kwa muganga na nyuma yo gutakaza amaraso menshi cyangwa kugira uburibwe bukabije.
Abandi bana baguye mu mimerere mibi yo kwirirwa bashyizwe mu mashyamba cyangwa mu bigo bikoresha igitugu, batagira amazi meza, ibiribwa cyangwa ubundi bufasha. Amakuru atangwa n’inzego z’ubuvuzi avuga ko bamwe baguye mu bwangavu (shock), abandi bagaterwa ubumuga burambye n’ibikomere by’agasuzuguro n’amakosa akabije mu buryo bwo kubagwa.
Ibyo bigo bikunze gutekereza ko gusiramura mu buryo bw’umuco gakondo bidakwiye kuvangira ubuvuzi, nyamara ibyo bikorwa byose bigakorwa ntawe ugenzura ibikoresho, nta burenganzira bw’ababyeyi, kandi nta mutekano w’ubuzima uharanirwa.
Uyu muhango utangiye kujya uvugwaho byinshi mu gihugu cyose. N’ubwo ufatwa nk’inkingi y’umuco, aho uba ugamije gutandukanya ubwana n’ubugabo, abantu benshi barawushinja guhinduka igikoresho cy’inyungu bwite, ubucuruzi bw’amafaranga, ndetse n’ubuhamya bwo kwangiza ubuzima bw’inzirakarengane. Ibigo bitemewe byashinjwe gukusanya abana babashukishije amafaranga, imyenda, cyangwa ibinyoma byo gukomera mu muryango, hanyuma bakajya babakorera ibyo bikorwa nta ruhushya.
Guverinoma ya Afurika y’Epfo yatangaje ko igiye kongera gukaza amategeko n’ubugenzuzi kuri ayo mashuri y’inkwakuzi y’ibanga, harimo no guhagarika burundu ibikorwa bya buri wese ugerageza kwinjira muri iki gikorwa atabifitiye ubushobozi n’uburenganzira. Hanatangijwe ibikorwa byo kuvura no kwita ku bakomeretse, ndetse n’amakuru ku miryango ibabajwe n’ibyabaye.
Ibi byago bikomeye byongeye kuzamura impaka mu gihugu hose ku cyerekezo cy’uyu muco, aho bamwe bavuga ko wakagombye guhinduka ukajyana n’igihe — ukajyana n’amategeko, ubumenyi n’isuku — mu gihe abandi bakomeza kuwushimangira nk’umusingi w’umuco.
Imibare igaragaza ko impfu z’abahungu bazira uyu muhango zikomeje kwiyongera buri mwaka, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’impeshyi, iyo ibirori by’inkwakuzi biba byiganje.