Abanyarwanda barenga 9.000 muri Congo-Brazzaville bihakanye ubwenegihugu bw’u Rwanda, basaba kuba Abanyekongo

Mu nkambi ya Kintélé, mu nkengero z’umurwa mukuru wa Brazzaville muri Repubulika ya Congo, haravugwa amajwi menshi y’ihungabana n’uburakari. Abanyarwanda barenga ibihumbi icyenda, bamaze imyaka myinshi bahatuye nk’impunzi, bamaze gutangaza ko bihakanye ubwenegihugu bw’u Rwanda. Ubu barasaba Leta ya Congo kubaha ubwenegihugu bwaho, bakitwa Abanyekongo byemewe n’amategeko.

Nyuma y’uko Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi (UNHCR) rishyize mu bikorwa iteka rya “cessation clause” mu mwaka wa 2018 – risobanura ko impamvu zatumye Abanyarwanda bahunga u Rwanda zakuweho zitagihari, bityo uburenganzira bwabo nk’impunzi bukaba bwarahagaritswe – ubuzima bw’abo bantu bwarahindutse.

Kuva icyo gihe, bamwe muri bo bemeye gutaha mu Rwanda, ariko abandi baranze, bavuga ko batagifite aho berekeza cyangwa ko batagifite icyizere cyo kongera kubaho neza mu gihugu cyabo cy’amavuko.

Imibereho y’abo mu nkambi ya Kintélé

Inkambi ya Kintélé, iri hafi y’umurwa mukuru Brazzaville, icumbikiye Abanyarwanda bamaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri mu gihugu cya Congo-Brazzaville. Bamwe bahunze intambara n’imvururu z’imyaka ya 1990, abandi bahunga nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Kuva mu 2018, ubwo UNHCR yatangazaga ko impunzi z’Abanyarwanda “zigomba gutaha” kubera ko impamvu zo guhunga “zakuweho”, Leta ya Congo yatangiye gahunda yo gufasha abashaka gusubira iwabo. Ariko, nk’uko byatangajwe na VOA Afrique mu nkuru yayo yo mu 2020, benshi mu mpunzi ntibigeze babyemera, bavuga ko “ntaho bagaruka” kandi “abana babo batarigeze bamenya u Rwanda.”

Mu minsi ishize, ubwo inzego za Congo zatangiraga gusenya bimwe mu bice by’inkambi ya Kintélé, bamwe mu bayituye basabye ko batakwimurwa ku ngufu, ahubwo basaba kuba abaturage ba Congo-Brazzaville.

Umwe mu mpunzi yabwiye itangazamakuru ati:

> “Abana bacu bavukiye hano, ntibazi u Rwanda. Ntidushaka gusubira aho tutagira ejo hazaza. Twifuza ko Congo iduha uburenganzira bwo kuba hano mu mahoro.”

Ibyago byo kuba ‘abatagira ubwenegihugu’

Raporo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zigaragaza ko ikibazo cy’izo mpunzi z’u Rwanda muri Congo gishobora kuvamo ikibazo gikomeye cy’amategeko: kuba abantu batagira igihugu cyemewe (apatridie).

Abana bavukiye muri Congo ntibabona ibyangombwa bibemeza nk’Abanyekongo, mu gihe ababyeyi babo batagifite uburenganzira nk’impunzi. Ibyo bituma batagira ubwenegihugu na bumwe – ibintu bibabuza kwiga neza, gukora, cyangwa kubona serivisi z’ibanze buri muturage wese akenera.

Umwe mu barengera uburenganzira bwa muntu i Brazzaville yagize ati:

> “Iyo umuntu atari impunzi, kandi igihugu abamo kitamwemera nk’umuturage, aba yabaye umuntu utagira aho abarizwa mu mategeko. Ibyo bibangamira uburenganzira bwe bw’ibanze nk’umuntu.”

Uko Leta zombi zibibona

Leta ya Congo-Brazzaville ivuga ko igendera ku masezerano yagiranye na UNHCR n’u Rwanda, agamije gufasha impunzi gutaha ku bushake. Ariko ivuga ko idashobora guha ubwenegihugu abantu bose ku bwinshi kuko bigomba kunyura mu nzira zemewe n’amategeko.

Ku ruhande rwa Leta y’u Rwanda, Minisiteri ishinzwe ubutegetsi n’umutekano yatangaje kenshi ko “u Rwanda rwiteguye kwakira abashaka gutaha bose, kandi rukabafasha gusubira mu buzima busanzwe mu mahoro.”

Umuvugizi wa Leta y’u Rwanda yabwiye Igihe.com ati:

> “Abanyarwanda bose bifuza gutaha mu gihugu cyabo bakirwa neza. U Rwanda si igihugu cyanga abana barwo.”

Ariko bamwe mu mpunzi bavuga ko ibyo bitabanyuze, bavuga ko basanzwe babayeho neza muri Congo kandi ko abana babo “bafite imico n’ubuzima by’Abanyekongo kurusha ubw’Abanyarwanda.”

Gusaba kuba Abanyekongo

Nubwo nta raporo yemewe ivuga ko hari umubare runaka w’abasaba ubwenegihugu bwa Congo, amakuru aturuka mu baturage bo muri Kintélé avuga ko hari benshi bamaze gutanga ubusabe bwo guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gutura mu buryo bwa burundu.

Mu gihe Leta ya Congo itarafata umwanzuro kuri icyo cyifuzo, bamwe mu baturage bavuga ko “kwemera abo bantu nk’Abanyekongo” byafasha kugabanya ibibazo by’ubukene n’ubusumbane mu nkambi, ndetse bikarinda ko habaho ihungabana mu mibanire y’abaturage.

Icyizere n’ihungabana byahuriranye

Mu nkambi ya Kintélé, ubuzima bukomeje mu buryo bw’amayobera. Abana bakinira mu mukungugu, abagore bashaka amazi mu misozi, abagabo bicaye barwana n’ibitekerezo.

Nubwo hari amajwi y’ubutabazi, hari n’amajwi y’icyizere. Umwe mu bayobozi b’inkambi yagize ati:

> “Twifuza ko habaho ibiganiro hagati y’impande zose. Ntidushaka guhunga ubundi, ahubwo dushaka gukemura ikibazo cyacu mu buryo bw’amategeko.”

Inkuru y’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda muri Congo-Brazzaville ni ishusho y’ikibazo cy’imyaka myinshi cy’ubwenegihugu n’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Mu gihe bamwe bemeye gutaha, abandi baracyafite impungenge.

Kugeza ubu, inzego za Congo, u Rwanda na UNHCR ziracyashakisha igisubizo kirambye, gishobora kubaha amahitamo y’uburenganzira ku gihugu kimwe cyangwa ubuzima bushya butabogamye.

Kuri benshi muri bo, icyifuzo gisumba byose ni kimwe: kubaho nk’abantu bafite aho bita iwabo.

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Amakuru yifashishijwe mu gukora iyi nkuru:

VOA Afrique, “Le flou persiste sur la situation des réfugiés rwandais au Congo-Brazzaville”, 2020.

Igihe.com, “Rwandan refugees in Congo-Brazzaville in legal limbo after cessation clause”, 2018.

ReliefWeb, UNHCR Rwanda Cessation Clause Update, 2018.

The New Humanitarian, “Rwandan refugees moved to Loukolela”, 2002.