Ibihano ntibyahagaritse imirwano mu burasirazuba bwa RDC
N’ubwo ibihugu by’iburengerazuba byafatiye ibihano umutwe wa AFC/M23 ndetse n’u Rwanda, barushinja gufasha uwo mutwe, umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) uracyari mubi.
Akarere ka Kivu, kamaze imyaka irenga 30 mu mirwano, karacyari indiri y’intambara n’ubwicanyi, kandi abaturage baracyari mu gihirahiro cyo kubura icyizere cy’amahoro arambye.
Goma na Bukavu mu maboko y’abarwanyi
Nyuma y’uko AFC/M23 ifashe umujyi wa Goma ku wa 27 Mutarama n’uwa Bukavu ku wa 16 Gashyantare, imijyi y’amakomini y’Amajyaruguru n’ Amajyepfo ya Kivu, ibihugu by’iburengerazuba byatangije urukurikirane rw’ibihano kuri M23 n’u Rwanda.
Nyamara ku butaka, nta cyahindutse: imirwano iracyacanye umuriro, kandi ibiganiro by’amahoro byari byitezwe byarahagaze.
Ibihano byatangijwe n’Amerika
Ku wa 20 Gashyantare, Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe ibihano (OFAC) cyashyize ku rutonde rw’abahanwa James Kabarebe, Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ubumwe bw’Akarere mu Rwanda, kimushinja “gukorana na AFC/M23 no gucunga inyungu ziva mu mabuye y’agaciro ya DRC.”
Kuri uwo munsi, Lawrence Kanyuka, umuvugizi wa AFC/M23, nawe yashyiriweho ibihano hamwe n’ibigo bibiri bivugwaho kumugiraho isano: Kingston Fresh (mu Bwongereza) na Kingston Holding (mu Bufaransa).
Abandi bantu bane barimo Apollinaire Hakizimana na Sebastian Uwimbabazi (bavugwa ko ari abo muri FDLR), hamwe na Bernard Byamungu na Bertrand Bisimwa (abayobozi bakuru muri M23), nabo barahanwe.
Uburayi, Ubwongereza n’ibindi bihugu bisubika ubufatanye n’u Rwanda
Nyuma y’iminsi ine, Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU) bwatangaje ko busubitse ibiganiro by’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare n’u Rwanda, ndetse butangira gusuzuma amasezerano y’ubufatanye ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’agaciro.
Gusa, igitekerezo cyo kongera indi nkundura y’ibihano cyanzwe na Luxembourg.
Ku wa 25 Gashyantare, Ubwongereza bwatangaje ko busubitse inkunga zimwe ku Rwanda, bunashyiraho ibihano bya dipolomasi, kugeza igihe “hazagaragarira intambwe ifatika mu guhagarika imirwano.”
Imibereho y’abaturage n’ibiganiro by’amahoro byaragwingiye
Ibi bihano byose byateye ingaruka zikomeye ku biganiro by’amahoro. Mu kwezi kwa Werurwe, umutwe wa AFC/M23 wafashe icyemezo cyo kwikura mu biganiro byari biteganyijwe i Luanda muri Angola, ushinja EU kubangamira ibiganiro kubera ibihano yafatiye abayobozi bawo.
Kanyuka yavuze ko ibyo bihano “byaciye intege” ibiganiro kandi bigahonyora icyizere cy’amahoro.
Abarwanyi ba AFC/M23 bavuze ko ibihano byibasiye abayobozi babo, Abanyarwanda ndetse n’ibigo bifitanye isano nabo, ari “inzitizi z’ubushake bwo kuganira.”
Bongeraho ko ingabo za Leta ya Congo, zifatanyije n’ingabo z’u Burundi, abacanshuro b’abazungu, imitwe ya Wazalendo n’iya FDLR, zikomeje ibikorwa bya gisirikare byangiza ibiganiro byose.
Imirwano irakomeje n’ubwo ibihano bigihari
N’ubwo iyo mpuzamashyaka y’ingabo za Congo n’abambari bazo ikomeje imirwano, AFC/M23 iracyafata uduce dutandukanye.
Ku wa 21 Nzeri, yafashe umujyi wa Nzibira, mu karere ka Walungu (Kivu y’Amajyepfo), hamwe n’imidugudu iri hafi aho nka Cisaza, Cibanda, Muyange, Karhuliza na Kalongo.
Abasesenguzi benshi bavuga ko iyo miryango mpuzamahanga itafashe ibihano kugira ngo ihagarike intambara, ahubwo byari ukugira ngo ishimishe Perezida Félix Tshisekedi no gukomeza kwigarurira amasoko y’amabuye y’agaciro.
RDC ifite umutungo kamere udasanzwe: cobalt, zahabu, diyama, lithium, coltan n’ibindi.
Igihugu gifite hafi 50% by’ububiko bw’isi bwa cobalt, ikoreshwa cyane mu ma bateri y’imodoka z’amashanyarazi no mu ikoranabuhanga.
Ibihano nk’intwaro ya politiki aho kuba igisubizo
Nubwo ibihugu by’iburengerazuba byemera ko ibihano bitigeze bihagarika intambara aho ari ho hose ku isi, biracyabishyiraho nk’intwaro ya politiki.
Ibyo bihano, nk’uko bamwe babivuga, bigamije guhagarika isura y’u Rwanda no kugumisha intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Congo kugira ngo bifatire imiterere y’inyungu z’amasoko.
M23 ivuga ko irwanira ukwishyira ukizana kw’abaturage bavuga Ikinyarwanda
Umutwe wa AFC/M23 uvuga ko wiyemeje kurengera Abanyekongo bavuga Ikinyarwanda, cyane cyane Abatutsi, bamaze imyaka myinshi bahohoterwa, bicwa, ndetse bamwe bagafatwa nk’aho atari abaturage ba Congo.
Bamwe muri bo bavuga ko bagiriwe nabi bikabije, kugeza no ku bikorwa bya kinyamaswa nk’iby’ubwicanyi n’iyicarubozo.
Amahoro azagerwaho ari uko ukuri kwubahirijwe
Abakurikiranira hafi ibibera muri RDC bavuga ko amahoro nyayo azagerwaho ari uko amahanga yemeye kureba ukuri ku mugaragaro, agasuzuma impamvu nyazo z’umutekano mucye mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Kugeza ubu, ibihano ntacyo byafashije, ahubwo byarushijeho gusenya icyizere cy’amahoro no kongera umubabaro w’abaturage.
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