Barize, barategereje… igihugu kirabirengagiza? Uko ubushomeri bw’urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda bukomeje kuba igikomere gihora kibyimba

Igihugu gito gifite inzozi nini n’urubyiruko rwinshi rutagira akazi: Ese “demographic dividend” y’u Rwanda iri guhinduka umutwaro?

Mu nyandiko z’igenamigambi ry’u Rwanda, abaturage benshi bakiri bato bagaragazwa nk’umutungo ukomeye w’ejo hazaza. Ni cyo bita demographic dividend: igihe igihugu gifite abantu benshi bari mu myaka yo gukora kurusha ababarera cyangwa ababareberera. Mu bihugu byabashije kuyibyaza umusaruro, byahindutse intandaro y’iterambere rikomeye. Ariko mu bindi, yahindutse isoko ry’ubushomeri, ubukene n’umutekano mucye.

Mu Rwanda rwo mu 2026, ikibazo si ukumenya niba urubyiruko rwinshi ruhari kubera ko imibare irabigaragaza, ahubwo ni ukumenya niba ubukungu buri kurema imirimo ihagije yo kurwakira.

AGA STORY GATOYA:

Hari gahunda nari mfite ni uko nzinduka mi gitondo cya kare ngera ku muhanda uva Nyabugogo ujya mu Mujyi rwagati, kubera nihutaga nari mfite gahunda aho mu mujyi, ariko ndi buhite nkomereza na Kicukiro bityo ntega umumotari ariko uwo mu motari tuvugana ko arahita anankomezanya Kicukiro. Yaraganiraga ni yo mpamvu hari ibiganiro twagiranye bitandukanye, yambwiye ko mu rugo iwe afite dosiye y’impamyabumenyi zitandukanye kugeza ku kiciro cya 3 cya kaminuza. Yarangije kaminuza mu by’icungamutungo mu 2022. Uyu munsi akora akazi ko gutwara moto mu buryo na we yisanze atateguye ahubwo ari ukwanga kubura uko agira, kuko nta kazi yigeze abona mu byo yize. Ati: “Nta kintu na kimwe gisaba impamyabumenyi nigeze mbona nakora, aho nagerageje hose byagiye birangirira muri za interview bakansaba contact ngo bazampamagara.”

Inkuru ye si umwihariko we. Ni ishusho y’icyiciro cyose cy’urubyiruko rwize ariko rutagira aho rwerekeza  mu gihugu kivuga ko kiri mu iterambere ryihuta.

Ntabwo inkuru ye nyifitiye gihamya kuko nta buryo bwo kubika ayo makuru nakoresheje uretse gusa ko icyo kiganiro cyabayeho.

Raporo y’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ibarurishamibare, National Institute of Statistics in Rwanda (NISR), Labour Force Survey 2023 yasohotse mu 2024, igaragaza ko igice kinini cy’abakora bari mu mirimo itanditse idatanga umutekano wizewe w’akazi. Urubyiruko ni rwo rwiganje muri iki cyiciro.

Iyo mibare igaragaza ko ikibazo atari ukubura akazi gusa, ahubwo ari ukubura akazi gafite ireme, umutekano n’ubushobozi bwo kubaka ejo hazaza.

Ese igihugu gishobora kungukira ku rubyiruko rwinshi mu gihe rudafite uburyo rwinjira mu bukungu ku buryo bufatika?

1994–2026: Kuva ku kubaho kugeza ku iterambere ariko akazi kakaba ikibazo gihoraho

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, intego ya mbere yari ugusubiza igihugu ku murongo no kongera kubaho kw’inzego zose. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, ubukungu bwatangiye kuzamuka vuba, bushingiye ku buhinzi, inkunga z’amahanga n’ivugurura ry’inzego.

Mu myaka ya 2000, u Rwanda rwatangiye gushyira imbere icyerekezo cyo kuba ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, nk’uko byagaragajwe muri Vision 2020 n’izindi gahunda zakurikiyeho.

Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi, Ministry  of Financial and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN), yakomeje kugaragaza izamuka rya GDP ku gipimo kiri hejuru ya 7% mu myaka myinshi ishize. Ibi byatumye u Rwanda ruvugwa nk’urugero rw’igihugu kiri kwihute mu iterambere muri Afurika.

Ariko uko ubukungu bwagendaga buhinduka buva ku buhinzi bujya kuri serivisi n’inganda, ni na ko isoko ry’akazi ryagendaga risaba ubumenyi butandukanye n’ubwari busanzwe buhari.

Ese ihinduka ry’ubukungu ryabanje gutekereza ku bantu bazagomba kubukoramo?

“Jobless growth”: iterambere ridakurura imirimo ihagije

Inkuru yasohotse mu kinyamakuru The New Times ku wa 11 Gashyantare 2024 ivuga ku kibazo cy’akazi yagaragaje ko nubwo ubukungu bukura, imirimo mishya idahagije ku rubyiruko rwinjira ku isoko buri mwaka. Amashuri makuru asohora ibihumbi by’abarangije, ariko amasoko y’akazi agakura buhoro.

Mu by’ubukungu, ibi bizwi nka “jobless growth.” Iterambere rishingiye ku mishinga minini, ikoranabuhanga n’imari nyinshi rishobora kongera GDP ariko ntiryongere imirimo ku kigero gihagije.

Mu Rwanda, imishinga y’ubwubatsi bunini, serivisi z’imari n’ikorwa ry’ikoranabuhanga bifite uruhare runini mu izamuka ry’ubukungu, ariko si byo bikoresha umubare munini w’abakozi b’igihe kirekire.

Ese igihugu gishobora gukomeza gushyira imbere imishinga itanga umusaruro mwinshi ariko ikoresha abantu bake, mu gihe gifite urubyiruko rwinshi rukeneye akazi?

Uburezi n’isoko ry’akazi: ikibazo kimaze igihe

Minisiteri y’Uburezi, Ministry of Education Rwanda (MINEDUC), yagiye igaragaza ko igihugu gikeneye cyane abize imyuga n’ubumenyingiro.

Inkuru yasohotse ku IGIHE ku wa 27 Nyakanga 2023 yagaragaje ko nubwo amashuri y’imyuga ari kwiyongera, umubare w’abayagana ukiri muto. Imyumvire ya benshi igishyira agaciro ku mpamyabumenyi za kaminuza kurusha imyuga.

Ku rundi ruhande, Rwanda Development Board (RDB) yakunze kuvuga ko abashoramari bakeneye cyane ubumenyi mu nganda, ikoranabuhanga n’imyuga yihariye.

Ibi bituma habaho “mismatch” kudahura cyangwa gutandukana aho abarangije ari benshi mu byiciro bimwe, akazi na ko kari mu bindi byiciro bitandukanye.

Ese igihugu gishobora kugera ku bukungu bushingiye ku nganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kidafite abakozi bahagije bafite ubumenyi bukenewe?

Akazi kadahagije: informal sector nk’ubwihisho bw’ikibazo

Raporo za NISR zigaragaza ko igice kinini cy’abakozi mu Rwanda bari mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi butanditse. Inkuru yasohotse muri KT PRESS ku wa 18 Werurwe 2024 yagaragaje ko benshi mu rubyiruko bakora mu mirimo mito idafite amasezerano cyangwa ubwirinzi bw’akazi.

Iyo mirimo ishobora gutanga amafaranga make adahagije, idafite ubwishingizi kandi idatanga amahirwe yo kuzamuka mu kazi.

Mu mibare ya GDP, aba bantu babarwa nk’abakora. Mu buzima busanzwe, benshi bakomeza kuba abakene.

Ese igihugu gishobora kwirata ko gifite abakozi benshi mu gihe igice kinini cyabo kidashobora kwiteza imbere?

Kigali: umurwa w’abakire, inzozi ku rubyiruko byumwihariko urutekereza kuhashakira ubuzima

Umujyi wa Kigali ukomeza gukurura urubyiruko rwinshi ruvuye mu byaro rushaka amahirwe. Ariko ni na wo ufite ibiciro by’ubuzima biri hejuru.

Inkuru yasohotse muri Taarifa Rwanda ku wa 11 Gashyantare 2026 yagaragaje ko izamuka ry’ibiciro riri gusunikira benshi mu bukene, nubwo baba bafite akazi gato.

Iyo umushahara utajyanye n’ibiciro by’ubuzima biri ku isoko, akazi ntikaba kagikora nk’inzira yo kuzamura imibereho.

Ese umujyi utezwa imbere ku muvuduko mwinshi ushobora gusiga inyuma igice kinini cy’abawutuye?

Ingamba zirahari ndetse zikomeza gufatwa, ariko ikibazo kikaguma bimwe basubiza abivuga mu byivugo bagira bati “guma guma guma”

Leta yashyizeho gahunda zo guteza imbere imishinga mito n’iy’urubyiruko. Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Iterambere ry’Ubuhanzi, Ministry  of Youthand Arts Rwanda, yagiye itangaza ko urubyiruko rwinshi rwatewe inkunga mu mishinga yarwo.

Ariko inkuru yasohotse muri The New Times ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2023 yagaragaje ko imishinga mito myinshi ipfa itaragera kure.

Ibi bituma kwihangira imirimo bidahagije ku rwego rwo gusimbura ubukungu butanga imirimo ihamye ku bwinshi.

Ese igihugu gishobora gukemura ikibazo cy’akazi gishingiye ku kwikorera ku giti cyawe aho kuba ku mishinga minini itanga akazi ku bwinshi?

2035: Icyerekezo cy’ejo hazaza gishingiye ku byemezo by’uyu munsi

Abaturage benshi bakiri bato bashobora kuba umutungo ukomeye  cyangwa ikibazo gikomeye ku gihugu bitewe n’uko ubukungu bububakira imirimo ihagije kandi ihamye.

Mu gihe u Rwanda rufite intego zo kuba igihugu gifite ubukungu buteye imbere mu myaka iri imbere, ikibazo cy’akazi ku rubyiruko kizagena niba izo ntego zizagerwaho cyangwa zizahura n’imbogamizi.

Igisigaye si ikibazo cy’imibare cyangwa ingamba ziri ku mpapuro gusa, ahubwo ni ikibazo cy’icyerekezo cy’ubukungu ubwacyo.

Ese “demographic dividend” y’u Rwanda izahinduka moteri y’iterambere cyangwa isoko ry’igitutu cy’ejo hazaza?

Iyi nkuru ishingiye kuri raporo n’amakuru yatangajwe hagati ya 2023 na 2026 n’inzego za Leta n’ibitangazamakuru byo mu Rwanda birimo NISR, MINECOFIN, MINEDUC, RDB, City of Kigali, The New Times, IGIHE, KT Press na Taarifa Rwanda. Ba uwa mbere ku makuru yacu https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vad5UfC89inh67apBK2j