Icyifuzo gikomeye cya AFC/M23: Gucamo RDC Za Leta—Inzira Y’Amahoro cyangwa Itegurwa rya Balkanisation?
Goma, RDC – Ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 25 Nyakanga 2025, umutwe wa AFC/M23 wongeye kuvugisha benshi, ubwo watangazaga ko ushyigikiye igitekerezo cyo guhindura Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) igihugu kigizwe na za Leta (federal states), aho buri ntara yagira uburenganzira busesuye ku miyoborere no ku micungire y’umutungo kamere wayo.
Ni icyifuzo cyatanzwe mu gihe ibiganiro hagati ya AFC/M23 n’ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa bikomeje kubera i Doha, muri Qatar, nyuma y’iminsi mike hasinywe amasezerano y’amahame ngenderwaho yo guhagarika imirwano. Umuyobozi w’intumwa za AFC/M23, Benjamin Mbonimpa, yavuze ko impamvu nyamukuru y’amakimbirane ari ugutsindwa kw’ubuyobozi bwa Kinshasa mu kwita ku baturage bo mu ntara, n’imicungire mibi y’umutungo w’igihugu.
“Turashaka ko Leta isubiza ibyo abaturage bakeneye,” Mbonimpa yagize ati, “za Leta (Federalism) ni bumwe mu buryo butuma abayobora begera abayoborwa. Uyu munsi hari ukwegera abaturage gukomeye i Kinshasa, mu gihe intara zose zitanga umusaruro ariko abanya-Kinshasa b’abanebwe ari bo bigaruriye ubukungu bw’igihugu.”
Ayo magambo yateye impagarara ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bamwe bayafata nk’igitutu ku butegetsi, abandi bayafata nk’inkomoko y’ubusumbane bw’amateka bushobora gutera intambara ndende, dore ko benshi mu banyepolitiki n’abakurikiranira hafi politiki y’akarere bavuga ko ibi bisa n’itegurwa rya balkanisation—gucamo Congo ibice hagamijwe inyungu za politiki cyangwa iz’ubukungu z’ibihugu by’amahanga.
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Muri Mata 2025, Olivier Kamitatu, umuyobozi w’ibiro bya Moïse Katumbi, nawe yagaragaje ko igihugu cyakungukira mu kuba igihugu kigizwe na za Leta, aho intara zigira uburenganzira ku mutungo wazo. Yemezaga ko imicungire mibi ya Kinshasa ari yo soko y’ubukene, ubusumbane no kutumvikana hagati y’intara n’ubutegetsi bukuru.
AFC/M23 irahamya ko uko ibintu bihagaze uyu munsi atari umutekano muke gusa, ahubwo ari ugutsindwa kw’ihame ry’igihugu gihuza abaturage batandukanye mu bumwe, aho bamwe bibasirwa n’ubusumbane bushingiye ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ruswa, n’iterabwoba rishingiye ku mutekano.
Abatavuga rumwe n’iyi ngingo, barimo Martin Fayulu na Dr. Denis Mukwege, bagaragaje ko ibyo AFC/M23 isaba ari igice cy’umugambi wateguwe kera wo gucamo Congo ibice. Mukwege, umuganga w’icyitegererezo wanahawe igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel, yavuze ko ibyo ari “igisa n’ubucakara bushya bushingiye ku bucukuzi bw’umutungo n’ubukoloni bwihishe.”
Dr. Mukwege yakomeje agira ati:
“Twakwemera gute ko umutwe w’inyeshyamba, washinjwe ihohotera n’ubwicanyi mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ariwo uha umurongo ahazaza h’igihugu? Gushyigikira igitekerezo cya federalism muri iki gihe ni nko gushyira umuriro ku binyamakuru bifite essence imbere.”
Ubusanzwe, Itegeko Nshinga rya RDC riteganya ko ari igihugu kigendera ku buyobozi bwa repubulika imwe (unitary republic). Guhindura iryo tegeko bisaba ibiganiro binini mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko no kwitabaza abaturage binyuze muri kamarampaka. Gusa, AFC/M23 ivuga ko igihe cyose ari ngombwa, n’iyo nzira irashoboka—kandi ngo Perezida Félix Tshisekedi ubwe arimo atekereza impinduka mu Itegeko Nshinga, nubwo bitaratangazwa ku mugaragaro.
Ibibazo byinshi bisigaye ku meza:
Ese igitekerezo cya za Leta muri RDC ni inzira y’amahoro cyangwa ni igikoresho cya politiki n’ubukungu gishobora gusenya igihugu? Ese gutanga ubwisanzure ku ntara bizagabanya amakimbirane, cyangwa bizatuma ibihugu bikize ku mutungo w’isi (nka coltan na cobalt) bikomeza gukoresha uburasirazuba bwa Congo nk’agace kazwiho kubura ubutabera?
Uko bizagenda kose, iyi ngingo ishyize RDC mu rujijo rukomeye rwa politiki, aho igisubizo cy’amahoro kitagomba gusa guturuka ku magambo cyangwa ku masezerano ya Doha, ahubwo kigomba gushingira ku bumwe, ubutabera, n’ubuyobozi bwubaka aho kurimbura.
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