Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byo mu karere bikomeje guhura n’ingaruka z’izamuka ry’ibiciro n’ibura ry’amadovize, u Burundi bwo buri kubonwa nk’igihugu kiri kwigaragaza mu buryo bushya. Mu gihe gito gishize, ifaranga ry’Abarundi ryazamutse ku kigero kitigeze kibaho my mateka y’iki gihugu, aho idorari rimwe rya Amerika ryavuye ku gaciro kari hafi gusatira ibihumbi birindwi by’amarundi rikagera munsi ya bitatu ku idorari rimwe. Kuri ubu, imibare ya Investing.com igaragaza ko idorari rigura hagati ya 2.900 na 3.000 BIF, ibintu bitangaje ku isoko ry’imari ryari risanzwe riri mu gihirahiro.
Iri zamuka ry’ifaranga ry’igihugu ryahise rifata intego ku masoko y’imbere mu gihugu. Ibiciro bya bimwe mu bicuruzwa bitumizwa hanze byatangiye kugabanuka, cyane cyane ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi n’imiti. Ku masoko yo mu mijyi nka Bujumbura na Gitega, abacuruzi batangaje ko ibicuruzwa bitumizwaga hanze byatangiye guhenduka, bigatuma n’ibiciro ku isoko ry’abaguzi bigabanuka.
Banki Nkuru y’u Burundi yagiye igaragaza kenshi ko iri gukurikiranira hafi uko isoko ry’amadovize rihagaze, ariko kugeza magingo aya ntiratangaza impamvu nyirizina z’iri zamuka rikomeye. Ariko abasesenguzi mu bukungu bo bavuga ko hari ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi bishobora kuba biri kubitera. Icyambere ni uko igihugu cyongeye kohereza hanze amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi bicuruzwa byinjiza amadovize, ibintu byafashije kongera umubare w’amadorari aboneka ku isoko. Icyakabiri ni uko Banki Nkuru ishobora kuba yarashyize ku isoko amadovize menshi cyangwa igafata ingamba zo kugabanya ikinyuranyo cyari hagati y’igipimo cyemewe n’icya “forex yo ku muhanda”, ku buryo ubucuruzi bw’amadovize butemewe bwatangiye kugabanuka.
Raporo iheruka ya Fonds Monétaire International (IMF) ivuga ko ubukungu bw’u Burundi bwongeye kuzamuka ku kigero cya 3.5 % mu mwaka ushize, nubwo igihugu cyari gihanganye n’izamuka ry’ibiciro n’ubuke bw’amadovize. Iyo raporo ivuga kandi ko Banki Nkuru yashyizeho ingamba zigamije kugabanya ikinyuranyo hagati y’igipimo cy’ivunjisha ryemewe n’irikoreshwa ku isoko ryo hanze ya Leta. Ku ruhande rwa World Bank, ubukungu bw’u Burundi bugaragazwa nk’uburi kongera kubyutsa icyizere, ariko busabwa gukomeza kuvugurura imiyoborere y’imari n’ubucuruzi kugira ngo iri zamuka ry’ifaranga ridahinduka intandaro y’ikibazo gishya.
Abasesenguzi mpuzamahanga bavuga ko uko ifaranga rikomera bigira ingaruka ebyiri zitandukanye. Ku ruhande rumwe, ni ibyiza ku gihugu kuko ibicuruzwa byinjizwa biturutse hanze bihenduka, bigatuma ibiciro ku masoko bigabanuka, ubuzima bukorohera abaturage kandi ubushobozi bwo kugura bukiyongera. Ariko ku rundi ruhande, bikomeye cyane bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bashoramari bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kuko ibicuruzwa byabo bihenda cyane ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bikagabanya inyungu n’amadovize yinjira. Ni ikibazo cyagaragajwe n’ibihugu byinshi byagiye bigira ifaranga rikomeye mu gihe gito, nka Ghana cyangwa Ethiopia, aho gucunga nabi izo mpinduka byagiye bitera ihungabana mu bucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu.
Ikindi cyavuzwe mu nyandiko nyinshi z’ubukungu ni uko iyo ifaranga rizamura agaciro vuba cyane, haba hari impinduka ziturutse mu miyoborere y’imari cyangwa mu mikorere y’isoko ry’amadovize aho ritaba rishingiye ku mbaraga z’ubukungu zifatika. Ni yo mpamvu abahanga b’ibigo nka IMF na World Bank basaba ko hakorwa igenzura ryimbitse ku bijyanye n’imikoreshereze y’amadovize, politiki y’imari n’ibipimo by’ivunjisha, kugira ngo hatabaho gusubira inyuma byihuse nk’uko byagiye bigenda mu bindi bihugu.
Kugeza ubu, abaturage benshi b’u Burundi birashoboka ko batangiye kubona impinduka nziza. Ibiciro bya lisansi n’ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe byagabanutse, ndetse n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi byari bifite amadeni mu madovize bikagaragaza ko bishobora kubona igitutu cy’amadeni kigabanutse. Gusa abasesenguzi baributsa ko ibyo byose bizamara igihe gito niba hatabayeho imiyoborere ikomeye y’ubukungu, harimo no gukomeza guteza imbere ibyoherezwa hanze kugira ngo igihugu gikomeze kubona amadovize ahamye.
Mu ncamake, ifaranga ry’u Burundi ryakomeje kwerekana ko igihugu gishobora kwisuganya mu gihe gito, ariko kandi iri zamuka rikomeye rigomba gusuzumwa neza kugira ngo ritazaba intandaro y’ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi n’ivunjisha mu bihe biri imbere. Uburyo Leta izagenzura politiki y’imari, ubucuruzi n’iyoherezwa ry’ibicuruzwa hanze ni byo bizagena niba iri zamuka rizaba intangiriro y’ubukungu burambye cyangwa se impinduka y’igihe gito.
Kugeza ubu nsoje kwandika iyi nkuru idorari rimwe rya Amerika, rihagaze 2950 y’amarundi. $1= 2950.00 BIF