Mu gihe raporo nshya y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye igaragaza igabanuka ry’inzara ku rwego rw’isi, Afurika n’Uburasirazuba bwo hagati byo bikomeje kurengerwa n’ikibazo cy’imirire mibi n’inzara nyinshi, ibigaragaza icyuho gikomeye mu kugera ku ntego yo kurandura inzara ku isi bitarenze 2030.
Raporo ya 2025 yiswe “The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World” (SOFI 2025) yashyizwe ahagaragara n’inzego eshanu zihariye za Loni — FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, PAM na OMS — igaragaza ko 8.2% by’abatuye isi (ni ukuvuga miliyoni 673) bari bafite inzara mu 2024. Ni igabanuka ugereranyije na 8.5% mu 2023 na 8.7% mu 2022.
Ariko nubwo hari igabanuka ku rwego rusange, iyo raporo itanga ishusho ibabaje y’ihungabana ry’imirire mu bice byinshi bya Afurika n’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, aho inzara ikomeje kwiyongera ku muvuduko utajyanye n’ahandi hose ku isi.
Afurika: Isura y’inzara yihariye mu isi yose
Mu 2024, abagera kuri miliyoni 307 bo muri Afurika bari mu nzara, ni ukuvuga hejuru ya 20% by’abatuye uyu mugabane. Ibyo ni ukugira uruhare rungana hafi 60% by’abantu bashobora kuzaba bari mu nzara ya burundu mu 2030, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyerekezo cya SOFI 2025.
Muri raporo, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa FAO, QU Dongyu, yagize ati: “Nubwo igipimo cy’inzara ku isi cyagabanutse, tugomba kwemera ko iyo ntambwe idahagije kandi idasa hose. Tugomba kongera imbaraga no gutekereza ku buryo bushya bwo guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeye byugarije imirire y’abatuye isi, cyane cyane mu turere twibasiwe n’inzara idashira.”
Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati: Icyogajuru gikomeje kuzima
Muri uyu mwaka, ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi ya Aziya (Western Asia) nabyo byahuye n’imihindagurikire mibi y’imibereho. Bivugwa ko 12.7% by’abatuye ibyo bihugu – cyangwa miliyoni zirenga 39 – bashobora kuba barahuye n’inzara muri 2024. Ibi bihugu birimo ibifite ibibazo by’intambara, ubukungu bujegajega, ndetse n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.
Uko bimeze mu bindi bice by’isi
Ibindi bice by’isi, cyane cyane muri Aziya y’Epfo (South Asia) na Amerika y’Amajyepfo, byagaragaje intambwe nziza. PoU (prevalence of undernourishment) muri Aziya yaguye hasi iva kuri 7.9% mu 2022 igera kuri 6.7% mu 2024, bingana n’abantu miliyoni 323. Muri Amerika y’Epfo no mu Birwa byo mu Nyanja ya Karayibe, PoU yaragabanutse igera kuri 5.1% mu 2024, ugereranyije na 6.1% mu 2020.
Ibiribwa birahenda, inzara iraguma
Raporo SOFI 2025 yanasesenguye ibibazo byatewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa kuva mu 2021 kugeza 2023. Binyuze mu buryo bwo gusubiza ikibazo cya COVID-19 (harimo ingamba za Leta ku by’ubukungu), intambara yo muri Ukraine, n’ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibiciro by’ibiribwa byatumbagiye mu buryo budasanzwe.
Ibiciro by’ibiribwa ku isi byazamutse ku gipimo cya 13.6% muri Mutarama 2023, kikaba cyari hejuru ho 5.1% ugereranyije n’ibiciro by’ubuzima busanzwe (headline inflation).
By’umwihariko, ibihugu bikennye nibyo byagize igihombo gikabije: muri Gicurasi 2023, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa muri ibyo bihugu ryari rimaze kugera kuri 30%.
Imibare ikakaye y’imirire n’imibereho
Ku isi hose, miliyoni 2.3 z’abantu bafite ibibazo by’imirire yoroheje cyangwa ikabije mu 2024, ni ukuvuga 28.0% by’abatuye isi.
Ibiribwa byiza bihendukira abantu bake: mu 2024, miliyoni 2.6 z’abantu ntabwo babashije kubona indyo yuzuye, ugereranyije na miliyoni 2.76 mu 2019.
Mu bihugu bikennye, abadafite ubushobozi bwo kubona indyo yuzuye bazamutse bava kuri miliyoni 464 mu 2019 bagera kuri miliyoni 545 mu 2024.
Ibyavuye mu isesengura ry’imirire y’abana n’abantu bakuru
Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bafite ikibazo cy’igwingira bagabanutse bava kuri 26.4% mu 2012 bagera kuri 23.2% mu 2024.
Ariko abana bafite ibiro birenze n’abana barwaye indwara y’imirire mibi yo gutakaza ibiro vuba (wasting) ntibagize impinduka nyinshi.
Ababyeyi bonsa abana gusa bagize umubare wiyongereye cyane – bava kuri 37.0% mu 2012 bagera kuri 47.8% mu 2023.
Umubyibuho ukabije mu bantu bakuru wiyongereye uva kuri 12.1% mu 2012 ugera kuri 15.8% mu 2022.
Anemi (kubura amaraso) ku bagore bafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 49 yazamutse iva kuri 27.6% mu 2012 igera kuri 30.7% mu 2023.
Igisubizo: Kureba kure no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zihamye
Inzego za Loni zitanga inama y’uko ibihugu by’isi byafata ingamba zikomeye zirimo:
Gushyiraho gahunda z’ubufasha bw’amafaranga n’imfashanyo zigenewe abatishoboye, ariko zifite igihe ntarengwa.
Kubaka ibikorwa remezo by’ubuhinzi, gutwara umusaruro, n’amasoko.
Gushyira imbaraga mu bushakashatsi ku buhinzi no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.
Gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’imari icunguwe kandi ifite icyizere.
Catherine Russell wa UNICEF yagize ati: “Abana miliyoni 190 bafite munsi y’imyaka itanu bahanganye n’imirire mibi, bikagira ingaruka mbi ku mikurire yabo no ku hazaza habo. Tugomba gukorana n’inzego zose kugira ngo dufashe imiryango kubona ibiribwa bihagije kandi byujuje ibisabwa.”
Cindy McCain wa WFP yibukije ko nubwo abantu miliyoni 124 bafashijwe mu mwaka ushize, inkunga yagabanutseho 40% uyu mwaka, bikaba bishobora guca intege intambwe yari imaze guterwa.
Icyo bikwiye kwibutsa isi
Nk’uko Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus wa OMS yabivuze, “nubwo hari aho ibintu biri kugenda neza, ntidukwiye kwibagirwa abacikanwe. Iyo raporo iduha ishusho y’aho isi igeze, ariko n’intego y’aho tugomba kugana.”
Kugera ku ntego ya SDG 2 – “Zero Hunger” – bisaba ubushake bukomeye, ubufatanye bw’inzego zose, no gushyira mu bikorwa imigambi ifatika ifasha umuntu umwe ku wundi kubona ifunguro rifite intungamubiri.
🖋 ©Corneille Ntaco, 2025