Mu mwaka wa 2024, igihugu cya Madagascar cyabaye icya mbere muri Afurika cyemeje itegeko rihanisha gukonwa cyangwa guhabwa imiti ibuza ubushake bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ku bantu bahamijwe gufata ku ngufu abana. Iri tegeko ryateje impaka ndende hagati ya leta, abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, n’amadini.
Itegeko ryatowe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare 2024, hanyuma Urukiko rw’Ikirenga (HCC) riryemeza ku wa 23 Gashyantare, ruvuga ko rihuje n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Madagascar. Nyuma, ryasinywe na Perezida Andry Nirina Rajoelina, wari waratangije igitekerezo cyo gukaza ibihano ku basambanya abana.
Iri tegeko ryashyizeho ibihano bikomeye cyane ku basambanya abana:
Uwafashe ku ngufu umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 10 itegeko ritegeka ko agomba gukonwa burundu (surgical castration).
Uwafashe umwana uri hagati y’imyaka 10 na 13 ashobora guhabwa imiti cyangwa gukonwa bitewe n’uko urubanza rwagenze.
Uwafashe umwana uri hagati y’imyaka 14 na 17 ahanishwa guhabwa imiti ihagarika kugira ubushake ukundi bwo gutera akabariro (chemical castration).
Uretse ibyo, abahamwe n’ibi byaha bashoboraga no gukatirwa igifungo cya burundu. Mbere y’iri tegeko, igihano ntarengwa cyari imyaka itanu y’igifungo.
Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Landy Mbolatiana Randriamanantenasoa yasobanuye ko iri tegeko ryari rigamije guhangana n’ubwiyongere bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abana. Mu 2023, haburanijwe imanza 600 z’abafashe abana ku ngufu, naho muri Mutarama 2024 honyine habonetse imanza 133.
Yagize ati:
> “Madagascar ni igihugu kigenga gifite uburenganzira bwo guhindura amategeko mu nyungu z’abaturage. Amategeko asanzwe ntiyabashije gukumira ibi byaha. Twifuje kurinda abana cyane — uko umwana aba muto, ni ko igihano gikomera.”
Ariko nubwo leta yavuze ko ari igihano gihesha ubutabera abana, abenshi mu bagize sosiyete sivile n’amashyirahamwe y’uburenganzira bwa muntu barabyamaganye.
Amnesty International yise iryo tegeko “igihano kigayitse”
Umuryango mpuzamahanga Amnesty International wavuze ko iryo tegeko rinyuranyije n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, rikaba “igihano kigayitse kandi gishinyagurira ikiremwamuntu.”
Uhagarariye uyu muryango muri Madagascar, Nciko wa Nciko, yagize ati:
> “Kuba igihugu cyemera kubagwa abantu nk’igihano ni ugusenya amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ikindi kandi, ubucamanza bwa Madagascar buracyarimo icyizere gike n’akarengane, bityo umuntu yabagwa nyuma bikaza kugaragara ko ari umwere.”
Yongeyeho ko aho gushyira imbaraga mu bihano bikabije, leta igombaga gukemura ibibazo byo kubura ubuzima bw’ibanga mu manza z’ihohoterwa, ruswa mu nkiko n’iterabwoba rikorerwa abatangabuhamya.
Abepiskopi Gatolika banenze itegeko nk’irinyuranyije n’agaciro k’umuntu
Kiliziya Gatolika na yo yinjiye muri izi mpaka. Mu itangazo ryasohowe ku wa 9 Gicurasi 2024 n’ihuriro ry’Abepiskopi Gatolika ba Madagascar (CEM), abepiskopi bavuze ko nubwo gufata ku ngufu abana ari icyaha gikomeye cyane, igihano cyo gukonwa kitajyanye n’agaciro ka muntu.
Bagize bati:
> “Biragaragara ko gufata ku ngufu ari icyaha gikomeye; Kiliziya iracyamagana kandi ihumuriza abahohotewe. Ariko se koko ni iri tegeko rizakuraho gusambanya abana?”
Bakomeje bavuga ko umubiri w’umuntu ari uwera, kandi ko nta muntu cyangwa itegeko rifite ububasha bwo kuwuhindura cyangwa kuwuhungabanya, kuko ari igikorwa cy’Imana.
Mu itangazo ryabo, bavuze bati:
> “Umuntu ushaka gushyiraho itegeko ryangiza umubiri w’undi aba yiyemeje gufata umwanya w’Imana. Ariko umuntu ushaka kuba Imana aba abaye icyago gikomeye kuri we no ku gihugu.”
Abepiskopi basabye ko igihugu cyakomeza gukaza iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko asanzwe, kigashaka uburyo bwo kurinda abana no guhana abakoze ibyaha mu buryo bwubaha agaciro k’abantu bose.
Iri tegeko ryashyigikiwe na bamwe mu baturage ndetse n’amwe mu mashyirahamwe arengera abana, bavuga ko ryari rikenewe muri Madagascar kubera ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abana rikomeje kwiyongera kandi rikaba ryarahindutse ikibazo gikomeye mu mico y’abantu. Bavugaga ko igihano gikomeye gishobora gukumira abashobora gukora ibi byaha. Ariko kandi, ku rwego mpuzamahanga, iri tegeko ryakomeje kunengwa cyane nk’irirenganya uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Benshi bavuze ko Madagascar yakabaye ishaka uburyo bwo kurinda abana no guteza imbere ubutabera bwihuse, aho gushyira imbere igihano gikabije gishobora kurenga imbibi z’ubumuntu.
Mu magambo make, itegeko ryo gucibwa igitsina ku bahamijwe gufata ku ngufu abana muri Madagascar ryabaye kimwe mu byemezo byateje impaka zikomeye muri 2024 — hagati y’ababona ko ari uburyo bwo kurinda abana no gukumira ihohoterwa, n’ababona ko ari uguhonyora agaciro karemwe k’ikiremwamuntu. Kugeza ubu iryo tegeko rirahari kandi rirakurikizwa.