Bangkok, Thailand – Mu gihe isi yose ishakisha uburyo bwo guhangana n’umunaniro ukabije n’agahinda gakabije (depression), hari igisubizo gitangaje ariko kidasanzwe cyafashe indi ntera mu gihugu cya Thailand: “kuryama mu mva.” Ni umuco mushya ushingiye ku myemerere ya gikirisitu n’iy’ababuddha, aho abantu bajya mu mva biziritse nk’abapfuye, bagapfukama imbere y’amasanduku bakamera nk’abari gusenga, bagapfumbata umutuzo, bakabyuka bavuga ko basubiranye amahoro.
Uyu mugenzo mu rurimi rwabo witwa “Non Tai Khwan”, bisobanura ngo “kuryama ugarura roho.” Bikorwa mu nsengero cyangwa ahandi babumbabumbye nk’ahabugenewe, aho baba bafite amasanduku y’imva (atajyamo umurambo) abantu baryamamo nk’abapfuye.
Abakora uyu muhango baba bambaye umwambaro w’umweru cyangwa uw’umukara, bagashyirwa mu isanduku icyarimwe, bakarambikwa indabyo ku gituza, maze umupadiri cyangwa musenyeri wabo agasoma amasengesho yihariye yo “guhamba umuntu atarapfa” (symbolic burial). Iyo imihango irangiye, babyuka bamwenyura, bamwe bakanarira bavuga ngo:
> “Numvise nkoze ku rupfu ariko sinapfuye, ubu ndatuje.”
Kuki Baryama mu Mva?
Umwe mu bashakashatsi bo muri Mahidol University, Dr. Chanakan Phongchai, avuga ko uyu mugenzo ugamije gusiba amateka mabi no gutangira ubuzima bushya. Mu biganiro yagiranye n’itangazamakuru ryo mu Buyapani, yavuze ko ari igikorwa cyafashije abantu bahoraga mu bwigunge cyangwa bafite inkovu z’amarangamutima (trauma).
> “Abantu benshi barababara ariko ntibabone uko babivuga. Iyo umushyize mu isanduku, agapfa gahoro gahoro mu bitekerezo, ibyo bimufasha kurekura umubabaro. Iyo asohotsemo, aba afite icyizere gishya.” — Dr. Chanakan.
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Uburyo Bikorwa
Inkuru nyinshi zibigarukaho zigaragaza ko bikorwa n’abantu b’ingeri zitandukanye: urubyiruko rurambiwe ubuzima, abantu baciwe inyuma n’urukundo, cyangwa abahuye n’ihungabana (nko kuva ku rugamba cyangwa gukorera mu buzima bwa gisirikare). Kuri bamwe, ni inzira ibaganisha ku kubabarira abandi, ku bandi ni ukwisabira imbabazi.
Mu rusengero rwa Wat Prommanee, ruherereye mu majyaruguru ya Bangkok, hari “ibikorwa” bibiri buri cyumweru aho abantu barenga 60 bashyirwa mu masanduku bagasengerwa. Hari amafoto menshi agaragaza abantu baryamye, batuje nk’abasinziriye, abandi bita ku masengesho barira.
Pimchanok, umugore w’imyaka 37, wari wapfushije umwana we n’umugabo bazize impanuka y’imodoka, yabaye muri trauma imyaka myinshi. Yaje kugerageza kuryama mu mva ubwo yari ageze ku mpera y’ubuzima, atekereza kwiyahura.
“Naryamye ntuje. Nahumurijwe n’ayo masengesho. Nahise numva ibiremereye byose bishize. Binyibukije ko nanjye nzapfa, kandi ko ngomba kubaho nishimye mu gihe gito nsigaje. Ibyo byatumye nsubira mu buzima busanzwe, nkomeza akazi kanjye ko gusoma ibitabo n’uruhare rwanjye mu muryango.”
Ababuddha bemera ko ubuzima ari agace gato k’urugendo rurerure, kandi ko “gupfa” bishobora gutangira igihe cyose umuntu abayeho mu gicucu cy’amateka ye. Ni muri urwo rwego bemeza ko umuntu ashobora “kwipfisha” agahora ari muzima.
Mu yandi magambo, kuryama mu mva si ugupfa, ni ukubyuka.
Nubwo abenshi babifata nk’uburyo bushya bwo kugarura amahoro yo mu mutima, hari abandi babona ari nk’ubuyobe cyangwa “gukinisha urupfu.” Abashakashatsi bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bavuga ko bishobora guteza ingaruka ku bantu bafite indwara zo mu mutwe, cyane cyane abashobora kwitwaza ibyo bagapfa by’ukuri.
Ariko Dr. Chanakan asobanura ko bikorwa mu buryo bugenzurwa, hakabanza kugenzurwa ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw’umuntu mbere yo kujya muri iyo gahunda.
Ubushakashatsi bwa 2024 bwakozwe na WHO bwagaragaje ko 1 muri 4 ku isi aba afite ibimenyetso bya stress ikabije. Ibi bituma abantu benshi bashaka ibisubizo byo hanze y’imiti.
Thailand yabaye isoko y’ibitekerezo bishya, uhereye kuri yoga, ku mivurire gakondo, none ubu bageze no kuri “symbolic burial.”
Mu gihe abandi bantu batinya imva nk’ikimenyetso cy’urupfu, bamwe bayifata nk’itangira ry’ubuzima bushya. Uko biri kose, buri wese afite imva ye: ari iyo mu mutima, iyo mu bitekerezo, cyangwa iyo mu buzima asigaye abamo.
> “Kugira ngo ubone amahoro, rimwe na rimwe ugomba kuryama nk’aho utariho.”
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© Corneille Ntaco
Umwanditsi wigenga, ukora mu bijyanye n’ubuzima, imico n’imyizerere y’abantu.