Mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri gusa amaze ku butegetsi, Kapiteni Ibrahim Traoré, Perezida wa Burkina Faso, yamaze kuba ishusho nshya y’ivugururwa rya Pan-Africanisme ku mugabane wose. Uyu muyobozi w’imyaka 36, ukunze kwitiranywa n’umutima w’uwahoze ari intwari ya Burkina Faso, Kapiteni Thomas Sankara, yashinze imizi ku ntego zishingiye ku kwigenga, ubukungu bushingiye ku baturage, no guhangana n’ingaruka za neo-kolonialisme.
Traoré yamenyekanye cyane ku mwanzuro ukomeye wo gushyiraho SOPAMIB, ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, kigamije kurinda ko umutungo kamere wa Burkina Faso usarurwa n’ibigo mpuzamahanga. Mu kwirukana ingabo z’u Bufaransa n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa b’amahanga batari bacyizerwa, Traoré yatanze ubutumwa bukomeye: “Abanyafurika ni bo bagomba kubaka Afurika bishingikirije ku mitungo yabo.”
Ibi byahise bikurura ubwoba mu Burengerazuba ndetse no mu muryango wa ECOWAS, ariko na none byabaye isoko y’icyizere mu baturage bo mu gihugu no ku rubyiruko rwa Afurika hose. Burkina Faso, Mali na Nijeri byashinze umuryango mushya Alliance des États du Sahel (AES), uharanira kwigenga kwa politike n’ukubukungu.
Ku wa 21 Mata 2025, hashyizwe ahagaragara ko hari umugambi wo guhirika Traoré. Nta muyobozi wo muri Afurika, uretse umwami wa Maroc, wagize icyo avuga kuri icyo gitero cyaburijwemo. Ariko ku wa 30 Mata, abaturage ibihumbi bahuriye ku kibuga cy’igihugu i Ouagadougou bashyigikira perezida wabo, mu birori byiswe n’abasesenguzi “insurrection de conscience” – kubyuka k’umutimanama.
Imyigaragambyo yo gushyigikira Traoré yasakaye no hanze y’igihugu. Muri Ghana, bamwe mu rubyiruko batanze kwitanga ngo bajye kurwanira Burkina Faso. Mu Liberia, abigaragambya bahanganye n’imbaraga z’umutekano nyuma yo gusuzugura amabwiriza ya Leta, mu Rwanda urubyiruko rwo mu itsinda ryitwa IN-AFRICA cyangwa Iyi Ni Africa (This is Africa) na bo barahagurutse batanga umusanzu wabo binyuze mu biganiro bakoze ku rubuga rwabo rwa YouTube ndetse n’urwitwa LONGA NA SIASA, n’ubutumwa bakomeje kunyuza ku muyoboro wabo wa WhatsApp ndetse no kuri X, byose mu muyoboro wo kwamagana buri mugambi mubi wacurirwaga Ibrahim Traoré.
Nk’uko impuguke nyafurika Agyeman Badu Akosah yabivuze, demokarasi ya multi-party muri Ghana “yungukira gusa abanyapolitiki n’imiryango yabo,” mu gihe isiga abaturage benshi barenganyijwe. Ibyo byifashishijwe nk’urugero rugaragaza uko Abanyafurika benshi babona demokarasi itabageza ku byo bifuza.
Raporo ya Institute for Security Studies (ISS) yemeza ko amagambo nka “ntituzongera kwihanganira gusuzugurwa” yakomeje guca mu rubyiruko rw’Afurika, rugaragaza ko rwashize amanga mu kwanga imiyoborere mibi no guhezwa mu byemezo bya politike. Mu bihugu nka Kenya, Nigeria na Uganda, urubyiruko rwamaze kugaragaza imbaraga mu kwigomeka ku miyoborere mibi binyuze mu bikorwa by’imyigaragambyo.
Traoré si umuyobozi uvuga gusa, ahubwo ibikorwa bye byafashe isura ya Pan-Africanisme ishingiye ku ngamba: gusubiza abaturage umutungo, guharanira kwigenga, no gusenya imihigo y’ibihe bya nyuma by’ubukoloni. Impuguke mu by’umutekano, Dr. Seth Appiah-Mensah, yemeza ko ubu ari “igihe cy’ingenzi cyo gusubiza Pan-Africanisme ku murongo” mu rwego rwa Afurika yose.
Impuguke zigaragaza inzira eshatu abakuru b’ibihugu by’Afurika bakwiye gukurikiza:
- Gushingira ku kwigenga – gushyira imbere gahunda zishobora gukorwa n’Abanyafurika ubwabo hatabayeho gusaba imfashanyo mpuzamahanga.
-
Kongera ubufatanye – gukoresha amahirwe yo kuganira hagati ya ECOWAS na AES, aho inzitizi zatuma habaho isenyuka ry’ubufatanye zakemurwa binyuze mu biganiro.
-
Guhamya uburenganzira n’ukwemera nyafurika – kwirinda amasezerano asigaye akoresha Afurika nk’intandaro yo kungukira abandi, no gushyigikira imishinga y’ibihugu byose by’Afurika.
Urubyiruko rugize hejuru ya 65% by’abaturage b’Afurika rutangiye kubona icyizere mu murongo mushya wa Pan-Africanisme. Nk’uko Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe ibivuga, ubumwe n’iterambere rishingiye ku kwigenga nibyo bizahesha Afurika icyubahiro ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Perezida Traoré yahindutse ikimenyetso cy’uko Pan-Africanisme itari amagambo gusa, ahubwo ishobora kuba gahunda ngenderwaho y’ubuyobozi. Kubw’iyo mpamvu, abasesenguzi bavuga ko Afurika iri ku ntambwe y’ingenzi: guhitamo gukomeza inzira zayigejeje mu mwijima cyangwa gufata iya mbere mu rugendo rwo kwigenga nyakuri no kubaka umugabane wubakiye ku baturage bawo.
Icyitonderwa: Iyi nkuru yanditswe hashingiwe ku isesengura rya Dr. Seth Appiah-Mensah ryasohotse ku rubuga rw’Australian Institute of International Affairs ku wa 14 Kanama 2025.