U Bushinwa Bwatangije Ingamba Zidasanzwe zo Kuzamura Umubare w’Abaturage: Ababyeyi Bagiye kujya bahembwa kuri buri mwana uri munsi y’imyaka itatu

Mu gihe u Bushinwa bukomeje guhangana n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’igabanuka ry’umubare w’abaturage ndetse n’ihindagurika ry’icyiciro cy’imyaka, Guverinoma y’iki gihugu yatangije gahunda nshya y’igihugu hose igamije gushyigikira ababyeyi bafite abana bari munsi y’imyaka itatu.

Guhera muri uyu mwaka wa 2025, ababyeyi bazajya bahabwa inkunga ingana na yuan 3,600 amafaranga bakoreshwa mu Bushinwa (hafi £375 cyangwa $500) ku mwana umwe buri mwaka. Ibi bikubiye muri politiki nshya y’igihugu hose yashyizweho hagamijwe kongera ivuka ry’abana—ikibazo kimaze imyaka kigaragara mu Bushinwa, nubwo politiki y’umwana umwe yarangiye hafi imyaka icumi ishize.

Ubu buryo bushya bw’inkunga buje nyuma y’igerageza ryagiye rikorwa mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu aho uturere tumwe twatangaga amafaranga cyangwa ubufasha bwihariye kugira ngo abantu babyare benshi.

Politiki nshya izagerwaho n’imiryango miliyoni 20

Nk’uko byatangajwe na televiziyo y’igihugu CCTV, iyi politiki izubahirizwa uhereye muri Nyakanga 2025, ndetse imiryango ifite abana bavutse hagati ya 2022 na 2024 izaba yemerewe gusaba iyi nkunga, ariko igenewe amafaranga make kurusha ababyaye muri uyu mwaka.

Abategetsi bavuga ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 20 bashobora kungukirwa n’aya mafaranga. Ni igikorwa kinini giteganyijwe kuzafasha mu kugabanya igitutu cy’imari gihoraho ku babyeyi bafite abana bato, by’umwihariko mu mijyi ihenze cyane.

Mu kwezi kwa Kamena gushize, umujyi wa Hohhot mu majyaruguru y’igihugu watangiye gutanga amafaranga agera kuri yuan 100,000 ($13,800) ku mwana umwe ku bashakanye bafite abana batatu cyangwa barenga.

Muri Shenyang, umujyi uri mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba hafi ya Beijing, leta yaho yatangiye guha imiryango ifite umwana wa gatatu uri munsi y’imyaka itatu amafaranga 500 yuan buri kwezi.

Byongeye kandi, icyumweru gishize, ubuyobozi bwa Beijing bwatanze amabwiriza asaba ko hatangwa gahunda rusange z’uburezi bw’incuke ku buntu mu gihugu hose—icyemezo cyitezweho korohereza ababyeyi bafite abana bato.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo cyigenga YuWa Population Research Institute bwerekanye ko u Bushinwa buri mu bihugu bihenze cyane kurera umwana. Kubera ibiciro by’amashuri, ibiribwa, ubuvuzi n’ibindi, kurera umwana kugeza ku myaka 17 bishobora gutwara amafaranga agera kuri $75,700—igiciro kiri hejuru cyane ku miryango iciriritse.

Mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2025, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare cyatangaje ko mu mwaka wa 2024, u Bushinwa bwabonye abana bavutse bagera kuri miliyoni 9.54—ubwo ari ubwiyongere buto ugereranyije n’umwaka wabanje.

Icyakora, muri rusange umubare w’abaturage bakomeje kugabanuka, ndetse igihugu gisa n’igisaza vuba. Abantu b’imyaka 60 kuzamura bariyongera, mu gihe abakiri bato bagabanuka—ubujyahabi ku bukungu bw’igihugu gishingira ku ngufu z’umurimo.

Nubwo benshi bagaragaza impungenge ko amafaranga atari yo yonyine ashobora gutuma abantu babyara, iyi politiki nshya ibaye imwe mu zidasanzwe mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’imibereho y’abana bato, ubusumbane bw’ibitsina, ndetse n’umutekano w’imiryango. Guverinoma iracyari mu nzira yo gutekereza ku zindi ngamba zirimo n’imisoro igabanyijwe, gahunda z’amasaha y’akazi zoroshye ku babyeyi, ndetse no kongera amahirwe y’akazi ku bagore.

Ubushinwa, igihugu cya kabiri gikomeye mu bukungu ku isi, kiri ku rugamba rwo kwirengera ihungabana rya demografiya ryaba rishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bukungu, uburezi n’ubwisungane mu kwivuza mu gihe kiri imbere.

Aya mafaranga ni intangiriro, ariko hari icyizere ko ari igice kimwe cy’ingamba ngenderwaho mu guhindura uko Abashinwa batekereza ku kubyara no kurera abana. Nyamara haracyari inzira ndende kugira ngo imiryango yumve ko ifite ubufasha buhagije bwo kurera abana mu buzima bwihuta bw’umujyi, no mu gihe ubukungu bw’isi buri mu mpinduka.

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