Ngororero, Rwanda – Mu gihe isi yose iri mu rugendo rwo kuva ku ikoreshwa rya lisansi no gushyira imbaraga mu gukoresha ingufu zisubira, u Rwanda rugiye kugira uruhare rukomeye muri urwo rugendo nyuma yo kuvumbura lithium ya mbere ifite ubuziranenge buhambaye, bidasubirwaho.
Iri buye ry’agaciro rikoreshwa cyane mu ikorwa rya bateri zifashishwa mu bikoresho byinshi by’ikoranabuhanga birimo telefoni ngendanwa, mudasobwa, camera, imodoka z’amashanyarazi n’ibindi. U Rwanda rwatangaje ko iri buye ryabonetse ku ikubitiro mu Karere ka Ngororero, ahavumbuwe lithium y’indashyikirwa mu bwiza bwayo.
Impinduka ku isoko mpuzamahanga
Nubwo mbere ya 2020 agaciro ka lithium katari karamenyekanye cyane, uko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ryagiye rizamuka, byahinduye isura y’iri buye ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Mu Ukuboza kwa 2020, ikilo kimwe cyaguraga amadolari 9 y’Amerika (asaga 9,000 Frw), kivuye kuri $20.5 mu 2018. Ibi byatewe n’umusaruro mwinshi wari wageze ku isoko, ndetse n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya COVID-19.
Ariko uko umwaka wa 2021 watangiraga, ibintu byarahindutse: igiciro cya lithium cyazamutse ku kigero cya 600%, aho toni imwe muri Mata 2021 yageze ku madolari $78,000 (asaga miliyoni 78 Frw). Impamvu nyamukuru y’izamuka ry’iki giciro ni ukwaguka kw’inganda z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, zikeneye bateri zikomeye zifite lithium nyinshi.
Imodoka z’amashanyarazi: Motor y’izamuka rya lithium
Imibare yerekana ko mu 2021 hagurishijwe imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigera kuri miliyoni 6.6 ku isi hose, ziba zikubye kabiri izagurishijwe mu 2020. Iyi mibare ikomeza kwiyongera uko isi igenda irushaho gushishikariza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zidahumanya ikirere.
Inzobere mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bemeza ko lithium izakomeza kwiyongera mu gaciro, kuko kugeza mu mwaka wa 2030 biteganyijwe ko imodoka z’amashanyarazi zizaba zimaze kugurishwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga zigera kuri miliyoni 26.
U Rwanda mu nzira y’iterambere rishingiye ku mabuye y’agaciro
Kugeza ubu, ibihugu bifite isoko rinini rya lithium birimo Chile, u Bushinwa, Koreya y’Epfo, u Buholandi, u Budage n’u Bubiligi. Ariko ubu u Rwanda rwamaze gutera intambwe mu kwinjira muri iri soko ry’ingirakamaro, nyuma y’uko mu 2020 hatangajwe ko ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze bwagaragaje ko igihugu gifite lithium, by’umwihariko mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba.
Iyo lithium yabonetse mu Rwanda ishimangirwa n’abahanga nk’ifite ubwiza butari bwasangwa ahandi henshi, bityo bikaba bigaragaza amahirwe akomeye ku bukungu bw’igihugu ndetse no kuba igihugu cyagira ijambo rikomeye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga mu by’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga.
Icyizere cy’ahazaza
Iri vumburamabuye rikomeye ryongera icyizere ku banyarwanda n’abashoramari mpuzamahanga. Ubushobozi bw’u Rwanda bwo kubyaza umusaruro aya mabuye bwitezweho kongera ishoramari, imirimo, no guteza imbere inganda z’imbere mu gihugu.
Abasesenguzi mu bukungu bemeza ko igihe cyose u Rwanda ruzayabyaza umusaruro binyuze mu mucyo, igenamigambi rihamye no kwirinda ibibazo byagiye bigaragara mu bucuruzi bw’andi mabuye y’agaciro hirya no hino ku Isi, lithium ishobora kuba umusingi w’iterambere rirambye ry’igihugu.
