Abiga mu mashuri ya TVET barenze ibihumbi 80: Iterambere ry’imyuga mu mibare

Ibihugu nk’u Budage, u Busuwisi na Singapore byakijijwe n’ibirimo guteza imbere imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro.

Nk’u Budage buri mwaka abarenga miliyoni 1,3 bahabwa amahugurwa atandukanye ajyanye n’imyuga bigira ku murimo no mu ishuri.

Ni mu gihe mu Busuwisi ho urubyiruko rurenga ibihumbi 70 ruhabwa impamyamumenyi buri mwaka mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi ngiro, bikaba uko no ku barenga ibihumbi 20 muri Singapore.

Ibi bihugu ni na byo ubona ko byihagazeho ku bijyanye no guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Nk’u Budage bufite umusaruro mbumbe wa miliyari 4600$, umuturage akabarirwa ko yinjiza 60.400$ ku mwaka.

U Busuwisi na bwo bwihagazeho kuko bubarirwa umusaruro mbumbe wa miliyari 937$ aho umuturage yinjiza agera 116.000$ ku mwaka, mu gihe muri Singapore ho ari miliyari 547 $ umuturage akinjiza 99.000$.

U Rwanda rwamenye ibanga riri mu myuga rugikubita

U Rwanda na rwo rwafashe iyi nzira, ndetse mu 2025 Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe guteza imbere tekiniki imyuga n’ubumenyingiro (RTB), rwagaragaje ko umubare w’abiga ayo masomo wageze kuri 47%, bavuye kuri 31% mu 2020. Intego ni uko ugera kuri 60%. Ubu abanyeshuri babarizwa mu mashuri y’imyuga bageze ku 85.830.

Abiga imyuga mu Rwanda ni na ko babona akazi, kuko isesengura ryagaragaje ko 75,2% by’abarangiza babona akazi mu mezi atandatu, 14% bakabona akazi nyuma y’amezi ari hagati y’arindwi na 12 mu gihe abangana na 10,5% by’abarangije babona akazi nyuma y’umwaka urenga.

Mu Rwanda habarurwa amashuri ya TVET 598 harimo amashuri ya Leta 408, mu gihe ay’ibigo byigenga yo yageze kuri 190.

Kuva uru rwego rwashyirwaho hashowe imari ikomeye mu kubaka ibikorwaremezo nk’amashuri, aho abanyeshuri bahererwa ubumenyingiro, n’ibindi.

Hubatswe amashuri 135 y’imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro afatanye n’ibigo byigisha ubumenyi rusange yitwa ‘TVET Wings’.

Abiga imyuga mu Rwanda bigishirizwa ku murimo

Iki kigo kandi cyavuguruye integanyanyigisho 158 zo kuva mu mwaka wa kane kugera mu wa gatandatu hashingiwe ku mabwiriza n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Ibi bikorwa kandi bijyana no guteza imbere amashuri ya TVET agahabwa ibikorwaremezo by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho.

Mu bijyanye no kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri y’imyuga mu Rwanda, abarimu 91% bo muri RTB bahawe mudasobwa 5500, amashuri ya TVET 526 (82%) ahabwa internet yo ku muvuduko wo hejuru ibituma ibikorwa by’amasomo agenda neza.

Mu kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu mashuri ya TVET kandi hashyizweho za laboratwari za mudasobwa 287 muri aya mashuri. Kugeza ubu mudasobwa 14.135 zagejejwe muri aya mashuri kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga ryimakazwe.

Uburyo bukomatanya kwiga mu buryo busanzwe no ku ikoranabuhanga bwagejejwe mu mashuri 11 ya TVET. Ubu abana bo mu mashuri 26 ya TVET bahabwa amasomo ajyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya za robot.

Abarimu 4.935 bahuguwe ku bijyanye n’integanyanyigisho nshya, abandi 1.060 bahabwa ubumenyi mu bya tekiniki.

Uburyo bwo kwiga hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga bwahawe ingufu ku buryo ‘TVET e-learning’ yahawe imbaraga aho abo mu mashuri y’imyuga bafite ububasha bwo kugera ku bitabo birenga ibihumbi 10 byafasha abanyeshuri kunguka ubumenyi ndetse n’amasomo yose yigishishirizwa mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro agiye gushyirwa ku ikoranabuhanga.

Uruhare abikorera bagira mu gutanga amasomo yigiwe ku murimo ntabwo rwibagiranye kuko hasinywe amasezerano arenga 700 n’ibigo bitanga imyenyerezamwuga bikora ibijyanye n’ibyo abana baba barize.

Icyakora intego yo kugeza ibigo bitanga amasomo y’igihe gito muri buri kagari iracyari hasi kuko hamaze kugezwayo 73 mu tugari 2148 u Rwanda rufite.

Gahunda yo gutanga buruse ku biga imyuga yatangijwe mu 2023, na yo ikomeje gutanga umusaruro kuko ifasha abantu barenga 1.800 intego ikaba ko mu mpera za 2025/2026 igeze ku benyeshuri 4.000.

Ubu amashuri 46 amaze kugezwaho iyi gahunda ku bufatanye na Banki Itsura Amajyambere y’u Budage, KfW.

Abarimu bashya 5.000 mu byitezwe

U Rwanda ruri gukorera hasi kubura hejuru ngo rwihutishe iterambere ryarwo byibuze mu 2035 ruzabe rufite ubukungu buringaniye (middle income).

Muri gahunda yo kwihutsiha iterambere y’imyaka itanu (NST2) uru rwego rwihaye inkingi zirindwi zizafasha imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro kuba inkingi mwikorezi y’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.

Mu nkingi ijyanye no kwegerezeza Abanyarwanda ubumenyingiro n’imyuga ndetse no kwigira muri bwo, u Rwanda rwiyemeje ko abinjira muri TVET buri mwaka baziyongeraho 15% amashuri yubahirije ibisabwa ku rugero rwa 70%.

Icyo gihe ibigo by’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro (Vocational Training Centres) bizaba bikorera muri buri kagari. Bivuze ko u Rwanda ruzaba rufite VTCs 2.044.

NST2 izarangira amashuri ya TVET angana na 30% yakira abakeneye ubufasha budasanzwe nk’abafite ubumuga.

Mu guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi kandi integanyanyigisho n’ibyifashishwa mu gutanga amahugurwa bizaba byaravuguruwe ku kigero cya 100% mu byiciro byose bijyanishwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Igenamigambi rya RTB rigaragaza ko icyo gihe abarimu 5000 bashya bazaba barahawe akazi, abandi ibihumbi 15 bahabwe amahugurwa n’abayobozi b’amashuri barenga 1.000, ajyanye n’icyerekezo cy’u Rwanda muri uru rwego.

Ibi bizajyana no guhuza abanyeshuri n’abari ku isoko ry’umurimo mu bihugu bitandukanye cyane cyane mu gufatanya n’abikorera, gutanga impamyabushobozi mpuzamahanga, ku buryo abasoza imyuga n’ubumenyingiro bagera kuri 30% bazajya baba bafite ibitekerezo bifatika byavamo umurimo bihangiye mu gihe 20% barangirije bazajya bakomereza mu mirimo yabo.

Bijyanye n’uko u Rwanda rukomeje guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga, no mu mashuri y’imyuga birarimbanyije. Byitezwe ko mudasobwa n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga birenga ibihumbi 30 bizatangwa, amashuri yose ya leta n’afashwa na yo abe afite labolatwari z’ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi.

Abarimu 10.000 bazaba barahuguwe ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ndetse bazobereye uburyo bukomatanyije bwo kwigisha bwaba ubusanzwe n’ubwisunga ikoranabuhanga.

Byitezwe ko mu 2029 u Rwanda ruzubaka amashuri ya TVET y’icyitegererezo azatwara agera kuri miliyoni 360$. Muri yo 15 yamaze kubonerwa ingengo y’imari.

Aya aziyongera ku yandi umunani azaterwa inkunga na Koreya y’Epfo, azatwara miliyoni 135$. Mu 2029 amashuri ya TVET angana na 50% azaba ahatana mu marushanwa atandukanye, angana na 10% yitabira amarushanwa akomeye azwi nka ‘ hackathon’.

U Rwanda rwakomeje kubaka amashuri y’imyuga mu myaka itanu ishize