Afurika ifite urubyiruko rwinshi, ariko se rufite ijambo mu miyoborere n’icyerekezo cyayo?

Mu gihe imibare igaragaza ko hafi 60% by’abatuye Afurika bari munsi y’imyaka 25, ikibazo gikomeye gikomeje kwibazwa n’abasesenguzi ni uko iri tsinda rinini ry’abaturage rifite imbaraga ritaragaragara mu myanzuro ikomeye igena ejo hazaza h’umugabane. Iyo ugenzuye imiyoborere, iterambere n’imibanire y’ibihugu bya Afurika, ubona icyuho gikomeye hagati y’ubwinshi bw’urubyiruko n’uruhare rwarwo mu gufata ibyemezo.

Urubyiruko rwinshi, ijwi rito mu miyoborere

Inkuru yasohotse muri The Africa Report ku wa 12 Gashyantare 2024 yagaragaje ko nubwo urubyiruko rugaragara cyane mu bikorwa bya politiki nk’amatora n’imyigaragambyo, rutagira ijambo rifatika mu nzego zifata ibyemezo. Yerekanye ko impuzandengo y’imyaka y’abayobozi benshi muri Afurika irenga 60, mu gihe urubyiruko ari rwo rwinshi mu baturage.

Ibi bisobanura ko icyerekezo cy’ibihugu byinshi kigenwa n’abari kure y’ibibazo n’inyungu by’urubyiruko. Iyo ubwinshi bw’urubyiruko butitabwaho mu miyoborere, bivamo icyuho mu gufata imyanzuro idasubiza ibibazo by’igihe kirekire.

Iterambere ridafite uruhare rw’abarigenerwa

Ku wa 5 Nyakanga 2023, BBC News Africa yasohoye inkuru yasesenguraga ikibazo cy’ubushomeri mu rubyiruko rwa Afurika, igaragaza ko abarenga miliyoni 20 binjira ku isoko ry’umurimo buri mwaka ariko bake cyane bagahabwa akazi gafatika. Iyo mibare isobanura ikibazo gikomeye: iterambere riraremwa ariko ntirigire aho rihurira n’abarigenerwa.

Iyo urebye ingero z’imishinga minini, cyane cyane mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro nka cobalt na lithium, inyungu nyinshi zisohoka mu bihugu zigana mu mahanga. Inkuru ya Financial Times yo ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2024 yagaragaje ko ibihugu bya Afurika bikomeza kohereza ibikoresho bitunganyije neza (raw materials) aho kongerera agaciro imbere mu gihugu, ibintu bituma urubyiruko rutabona amahirwe mu nganda.

Imibanire mpuzamahanga igikomeje kubaka ubusumbane

Ku wa 22 Werurwe 2024, Al Jazeera yasohoye inkuru igaragaza uko imibanire y’ubucuruzi hagati ya Afurika n’ibihugu bikize ikomeje gushyira Afurika mu mwanya wo gutanga ibikoresho fatizo gusa. Iyo nyandiko yerekanye ko Afurika itanga hejuru ya 70% bya cacao ku isi ariko inyungu nyinshi zigakomoka ku kuyitunganya kandi zikaguma mu Burayi.

Ibi bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku rubyiruko, kuko ari rwo rwagakwiye kungukira mu nganda zo gutunganya ibyo Afurika yihingira cyangwa icukura. Iyo ayo mahirwe yimuriwe ahandi, urubyiruko rusigara rufite imbaraga ariko rudafite aho ruzishora hunguka.

Impinduka zaratangiye, ariko ziracyari nke

Nubwo hari aho ibintu bitangiye guhinduka, urugero nk’inganda nshya ziri kubakwa mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe zigamije kongerera agaciro ibikomoka ku mutungo kamere, izi mpinduka ziracyari nkeya ugereranyije n’ikibazo gihari.

Inkuru ya Reuters yo ku wa 9 Mutarama 2025 yagaragaje ko ibihugu bimwe birimo Nigeria byatangiye gushora imari mu nganda zitunganya peteroli imbere mu gihugu, bigamije kugabanya kohereza ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mahanga bitaratunganywa. Ni intambwe nziza, ariko ikibazo kiracyari uko urubyiruko rutarashyirwa ku isonga ry’izi gahunda.

Ikibazo nyamukuru: Uru rubyiruko ruri he mu myanzuro?

Iyo uhuje ibi byose, ikibazo gikomeye si ukubura amahirwe gusa, ahubwo ni ukubura uruhare mu kuyagena. Urubyiruko rwa Afurika rufite imibare, rufite imbaraga, rufite n’ibitekerezo bishya, ariko ntirugira uburyo buhamye bwo kubihindura politiki n’imyanzuro ifatika.

Iyo urubyiruko rudahabwa umwanya mu miyoborere, iterambere rigerwaho ridahuye n’ibyifuzo byarwo, kandi imibanire mpuzamahanga igakomeza kugendera ku nyungu z’abafite imbaraga kurusha abandi.

Afurika ifite imbaraga, ariko iracyazifungiranye yo ubwayo

Afurika ntabwo ibuze ubushobozi, ifite urubyiruko rwinshi kurusha indi migabane. Ariko ikibazo ni uko ayo mahirwe ataravamo imbaraga zigaragara mu miyoborere n’iterambere.

Niba urubyiruko rukomeje kuguma kure y’uruhande rw’ifatwa ry’imyanzuro, Afurika izakomeza kuba isoko y’ibikoresho n’abakozi, aho kuba isoko y’ibitekerezo n’udushya. Ikibazo si uko urubyiruko ruhari, ikibazo ni uko rutari aho hafatirwa imyanzuro. Ba uwa mbere ku makuru yacu https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vad5UfC89inh67apBK2j