Ibiribwa ku giciro gihanitse: isano iri hagati ya peteroli n’igabanuka ry’ibiribwa ku masoko

Mu masoko atandukanye yo mu mujyi wa Kigali no mu yindi mijyi yo mu Rwanda, abaguzi n’abacuruzi bose bavuga ikintu kimwe: ibiribwa birahenze. Ariko ikibazo gikomeye si ukumenya ko ibiciro byazamutse—ni ukumva impamvu nyamukuru iri inyuma y’izo mpinduka.

Ku isonga ry’izo mpamvu haza izamuka ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, rifite ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo ibiribwa bigera ku isoko.

Mu Rwanda, ibiribwa byinshi bigurishwa mu mijyi biva mu cyaro. Kugira ngo bigere ku baguzi, bikeneye gutwarwa n’imodoka, moto cyangwa amakamyo kandi ibi bikoresho byose bishingira ku bikomoka kuri peteroli. Iyo igiciro cya lisansi cyazamutse, igiciro cyo gutwara ibyo bicuruzwa na cyo kirazamuka.

Ibi byagarutsweho kenshi mu nkuru z’ikinyamakuru The New Times, cyagaragaje ko izamuka ry’ibiciro bya lisansi rifite ingaruka ku giciro cy’ibiribwa, cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bituruka kure y’aho bigurishirizwa.

Mu buryo bw’imibare, ikigo k’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare NISR, kigaragaza ko mu mibare ya Consumer Price Index, ibiribwa biri mu byiciro byazamutse cyane mu bihe byagaragayemo izamuka rya peteroli. Ibi bisobanura ko hari isano ikomeye hagati y’ibi bintu byombi.

Ariko iyo urebye neza, ikibazo kirenze cyane ni uko “transport ihenze”.

Mu ruhererekane rw’itangwa ry’ibiribwa (supply chain), hari ibyiciro byinshi: umusaruro uva mu murima, ububiko, gutwara ibicuruzwa, kubicuruza ku isoko, kugeza ku muguzi wa nyuma. Iyo igiciro cya transport cyazamutse, ingaruka zacyo zinyura muri buri cyiciro.

Umuhinzi ashobora kugabanya ibyo ajyana ku isoko mu gihe kubona transport bigoye cyangwa bihenze. Umucuruzi na we ashobora kongera igiciro kugira ngo yishyure ayo mafaranga yiyongereye. Mu mpera, umuguzi ni we ubyishyura.

Ku masoko nka Kimironko na Nyabugogo, abacuruzi bato bavuga ko amafaranga batanga mu gutwara imboga, ibirayi n’imbuto yagiye yiyongera mu mezi ashize. Umwe muri bo yagize ati: “Iyo transport izamutse, nta kundi tugira uretse kongera ku giciro amafaranga atuma twishyura transport, kuko natwe tugomba kunguka cyangwa nibura tutajya mu gihombo.”

Ariko hari ikindi kibazo gikomeye: igabanuka ry’ibiribwa ku masoko.

Iyo igiciro cyo kubitwara kizamutse cyane, bamwe mu bahinzi cyangwa abacuruzi bahitamo kugabanya ingano y’ibyo bazana ku isoko. Ibi bituma ibiribwa biboneka ari bike ugereranyije n’ababikeneye, bigahita bizamura igiciro kurushaho bitewe n’itegeko ry’isoko (supply and demand).

Ibi byagarutsweho mu nkuru zitandukanye za IGIHE, aho abacuruzi bagaragazaga ko hari igihe ibicuruzwa bimwe bitinda kugera ku masoko cyangwa bikaza ari bike, bigatuma ibiciro bizamuka.

Ku rwego rw’igihugu, Ministry  of Agriculture and Animal Resource yagiye igaragaza ko ubwikorezi bw’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ari kimwe mu bintu bigira ingaruka ku biciro by’ibiribwa, cyane cyane iyo hari impinduka ku giciro cya lisansi.

Mu buryo rusange, Leta igaragaza ko hari ingamba zigamije kunoza uruhererekane rw’itangwa ry’ibiribwa, zirimo guteza imbere ubuhinzi, kongera umusaruro no kunoza uburyo bwo kubika no gutwara ibicuruzwa. Ariko nubwo izo ngamba zihari, izamuka rya peteroli rikomeza gushyira igitutu ku biciro.

Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, imiryango nka Food and Agriculture Organisation igaragaza ko ibiciro bya peteroli bifite uruhare runini ku biciro by’ibiribwa ku isi, kuko bigira ingaruka ku bwikorezi, ku ifumbire ikoreshwa mu buhinzi, ndetse no ku buryo ibicuruzwa bitunganywa.

Ibi bisobanura ko ikibazo u Rwanda ruhura na cyo atari icy’imbere mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo gifitanye isano n’imiterere y’ubukungu ku rwego rw’isi.

Ariko ku muguzi wo hasi, ibyo byose bisobanuro by’ubukungu ntibihindura byinshi. Icyo abona ni uko amafaranga ajyana ku isoko yiyongera, mu gihe ibyo agura bigabanuka.

Mu gusoza, isano iri hagati ya peteroli n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa ni iy’ukuri kandi ifite imbaraga. Icyo bitwereka ni uko ubukungu bw’iki gihe buhujwe ku buryo ikibazo kiri ku rwego rumwe gishobora kugira ingaruka ku bindi bice byose.

Niba igiciro cya peteroli gikomeje kuzamuka, kandi nta ngamba zihagije zo kugabanya ingaruka zacyo ku bwikorezi n’uruhererekane rw’ibiribwa zishyizweho, ibiciro ku masoko bishobora gukomeza kuzamuka—bigakomeza gushyira igitutu ku mibereho y’abaturage. Ba uwa mbere ku makuru yacu https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vad5UfC89inh67apBK2j